{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T22:59:20Z","timestamp":1774565960790,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine the dietary patterns and\nintake of nutrients of concern in dogs with cardiac disease.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Prospective study.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201482 dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy\n(DCM) or chronic valvular disease.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Owners of dogs were contacted and\ngiven a standardized telephone questionnaire regarding\ndiet and a 24-hour food recall to determine daily\nintake of calories, protein, fat, sodium, potassium,\nand magnesium.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Among the 82 dogs, 71% had no congestive\nheart failure (CHF), and 29% had CHF or a history\nof CHF. Sixty-one percent of dogs had concurrent\ndiseases. Anorexia was or had been evident in 34%\nof dogs and was significantly more common in the\nCHF group and in dogs with DCM. Most dogs (92%)\nreceived some treats and table food, with a median\npercentage of daily calories from treats of 19%\n(range, 0% to 100%). Most owners (57%) that administered\npills used human or pet foods for pill administration.\nMost dogs ate more than the Association of\nAmerican Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) minimum\nvalues for fat and protein. Daily sodium intake varied\nfrom 14 to 384 mg\/100 kcal, compared with the\nAAFCO minimum of 17 mg\/100 kcal. A median of\n25% of total daily sodium came from treats and table\nfood (range, 0% to 100%). Dogs with CHF ate significantly\nmore sodium, compared with dogs with no\nCHF.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Dietary intake\nfor dogs with cardiac disease is highly variable and\noften not optimal. 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