{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T02:10:56Z","timestamp":1776132656444,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine outcome of and complications\nassociated with cricopharyngeal myotomy or\nmyectomy for treatment of cricopharyngeal dysphagia\n(CPD) in dogs<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Retrospective study.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201414 dogs.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Medical records of dogs with CPD that\nunderwent cricopharyngeal myotomy or myectomy\nwere examined. Follow-up information was obtained\nthrough telephone interviews with owners and referring\nveterinarians and clinical examinations when feasible.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u201416 surgical procedures were performed\non the 14 dogs. Dysphagia was completely\nresolved immediately after surgery in 1 dog, and\nclinical signs did not recur (follow-up time of 8\nyears); a second dog also had immediate complete\nresolution of dysphagia, but follow-up time was\nonly 10 days. Three dogs had transient complete\nresolution with a mean time to recurrence of dysphagia\nof 12.3 weeks (range, 2 to 36 weeks). Three\ndogs had permanent partial resolution. Six dogs\nhad no improvement after surgery. Eight of the 14\ndogs were euthanatized because of problems related\nto CPD, including persistent dysphagia (n = 8)\nand aspiration pneumonia (5).<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014The failure\nrate for dogs undergoing surgical treatment of CPD\nmay be high, particularly if concurrent aspiration\npneumonia or malnutrition is not addressed prior to\nsurgery. For those dogs with concurrent diseases,\nmore aggressive medical management, such as\nenteral tube feeding, may be warranted rather than\nsurgery. In dogs with CPD complicated by other\nanatomic or functional conditions, such as myasthenia\ngravis, laryngeal paralysis, and esophageal stricture,\nsurgery may also not be indicated. 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