{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T03:31:23Z","timestamp":1785900683278,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To identify the types of injuries sustained\nby horses that competed in steeplechase races and\ndetermine the prevalence of and risk factors for those\ninjuries.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Prospective study.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u20142,680 horses that competed in various\ntypes of steeplechase races from 1996 through 2000.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Data regarding races; environment;\nequipment problems; the number of horses that\nentered, started, and finished races; the number of\nriders that fell; and the number of horses that were\nslowed or stopped by the rider, ran off the course, fell,\nand sustained injuries or physical abnormalities during\nraces were collected on a standard form by the official\nveterinarian who attended each meet. Data from\nall meets were not recorded; however, in recorded\nmeets, data from every race were reported.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Data for 197 hurdle, 65 timber, 76 flat, and\n8 mixed races were recorded. Nine (3.4\/1,000 horses\nthat started in races) horses died or were euthanatized,\nand 7 of those were associated with catastrophic\nmusculoskeletal injury. Seven fractures were\nrecorded. Four fractures involved forelimbs, 1\ninvolved a hind limb, and 2 involved the cervical portion\nof the vertebral column. All horses with fractures\nwere euthanatized. Deep or hard course conditions\nwere associated with an increased risk of breakdown\ninjuries.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Successful\ndevelopment and implementation of strategies to\nprevent injuries and death in horses in steeplechase\nraces depend on a clear understanding of the types\nand prevalence of injuries involved and risk factors\nassociated with those injuries. (<jats:italic>J Am Vet Med Assoc<\/jats:italic>\n2003;223:1788\u20131790)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2003.223.1788","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,23]],"date-time":"2006-01-23T18:45:24Z","timestamp":1138041924000},"page":"1788-1790","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Risk factors and prevalence of injuries in horses during various types of steeplechase races"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"223","author":[{"given":"Jennifer O.","family":"Stephen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathaniel A.","family":"White II","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William H.","family":"McCormick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. Reynolds","family":"Cowles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin T. T.","family":"Corley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"p_1_218","unstructured":"Mundy GE. Review of risk factors associated with racing injuries, in Proceedings. 43rd Am Assoc Equine Pract Annu Conv 1997;204-210."},{"key":"p_2_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3292.1995.tb01225.x","volume":"7","author":"McKee SL","year":"1995","journal-title":"Equine Vet Educ"},{"key":"p_3_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.2746\/042516401776254808","volume":"33","author":"Williams RB","year":"2001","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"p_4_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1998.tb04525.x","volume":"30","author":"Bailey CJ","year":"1998","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"p_5_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1994.204.04.620","volume":"204","author":"Peloso JG","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"p_6_223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2001.218.83"},{"key":"p_7_224","first-page":"107","author":"Bourke JM","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Z Vet Assoc Annu Semin Equine Branch"},{"key":"p_8_225","first-page":"1251","volume":"37","author":"Pratt","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"p_9_226","first-page":"1123","volume":"43","author":"Raphel CF","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"p_10_227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2001.218.1462"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/223\/12\/javma.2003.223.1788.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/223\/12\/javma.2003.223.1788.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/223\/12\/javma.2003.223.1788.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T14:11:08Z","timestamp":1741356668000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/223\/12\/javma.2003.223.1788.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,15]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.2003.223.1788","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,15]]}}}