{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T16:13:05Z","timestamp":1784563985134,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine prevalence of atrial fibrillation\n(AF) immediately after racing among racehorses\nthat finished well behind the winners and examine\npotential risk factors for AF in these horses.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Case-control study.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201439,302 racehorses representing 404,090\nrace starts in races sanctioned by the Japan Racing\nAssociation between 1988 and 1997.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Horses that finished \u2265 4 (turf races) or 5\n(dirt races) seconds behind the winner or that did not\ncomplete the race were examined for AF within 5\nminutes after the race. Logistic regression and <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\nanalyses were used to determine whether sex, age,\nrace distance, race surface, year, or development of\nepistaxis was associated with development of AF.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Estimated minimum frequency of AF was\n0.03% (123 instances of AF following 404,090 race\nstarts), and estimated minimum prevalence of AF\namong racehorses was 0.29% (115 horses with AF\namong 39,302 racehorses). Estimated frequency of\nAF among horses that finished slowly or did not finish\nwas 1.39% (120 instances of AF among 8,639 examinations),\nand estimated prevalence of AF in horses\nthat finished slowly was 1.23% (92 instances of AF\namong 7,500 horses) or 1.01% when only the first\ntime a horse finished slowly was considered (76\ninstances of AF among 7,500 horses). Atrial fibrillation\nwas paroxysmal in most horses. Among horses that\nfinished slowly, 4-year-old and older horses and horses\nthat raced on turf were more likely to develop AF.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Results suggest\nthat the likelihood of AF among racehorses that\nfinish slowly is related to age and racing surface. (<jats:italic>J\nAm Vet Med Assoc<\/jats:italic> 2003;223:84\u201388)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2003.223.84","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,23]],"date-time":"2006-01-23T18:44:36Z","timestamp":1138041876000},"page":"84-88","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Risk factors for atrial fibrillation during racing in slow-finishing horses"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"223","author":[{"given":"Hajime","family":"Ohmura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Hiraga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiyuki","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Kai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James H.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"p_1_66","first-page":"261","volume":"180","author":"Deem DA","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"p_2_67","first-page":"51","volume":"11","author":"Amada A","year":"1974","journal-title":"Exp Rep Equine Health Lab"},{"key":"p_3_68","first-page":"89","volume":"12","author":"Amada A","year":"1975","journal-title":"Exp Rep Equine Health Lab"},{"key":"p_4_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1986.tb03533.x","volume":"18","author":"Holmes JR","year":"1986","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"p_5_70","first-page":"781","author":"Holmes JR","year":"1987","journal-title":"Calif: ICEEP Publications"},{"key":"p_6_71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2001.218.1462"},{"key":"p_7_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hosmer DW, Lemeshow SL. 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