{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T04:04:28Z","timestamp":1791086668301,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine prevalence and clinical features\nof pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID)\nin horses with laminitis.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Case series.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201440 horses with laminitis.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Horses with laminitis that survived an\ninitial episode of pain and were not receiving medications\nknown to alter the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal\naxis were tested for PPID by evaluation of endogenous\nplasma ACTH concentration. Signalment, suspected\ncause, month of onset and duration of laminitis,\nObel grade of lameness, pedal bone rotation,\nphysical examination findings, results of endocrine\nfunction tests, treatment, outcome, and postmortem\nexamination findings were recorded.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Prevalence of PPID as defined by a single\nhigh plasma ACTH concentration was 70%. Median\nage of horses suspected of having PPID (n = 28) was\n15.5 years, and median age of horses without PPID\n(12) was 14.5 years. Laminitis occurred most frequently\nin horses with and without suspected PPID\nduring September and May, respectively. Chronic\nlaminitis was significantly more common in horses\nsuspected of having PPID. In horses suspected of having\nPPID, the most common physical examination findings\nincluded abnormal body fat distribution, bulging\nsupraorbital fossae, and hirsutism. Five horses suspected\nof having PPID had no clinical abnormalities\nother than laminitis. Seventeen horses suspected of\nhaving PPID that were treated with pergolide survived,\nand 3 horses that were not treated survived.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Evidence of\nPPID is common among horses with laminitis in a primary-care ambulatory setting. Horses with laminitis\nmay have PPID without other clinical signs commonly\nassociated with the disease. 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