{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T03:15:14Z","timestamp":1793330114752,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine long-term outcome of dogs\nwith gallbladder mucocele.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Retrospective study.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201430 dogs with gallbladder mucocele, including\n23 that underwent cholecystectomy.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Medical records were reviewed for signalment,\nhistory, and clinical, ultrasonographic, and\nsurgical findings. Follow-up information was obtained\nfor all dogs that survived the perioperative hospitalization\nperiod.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u201423 dogs had signs of systemic illness; 7 had\nno clinical signs. Median values for serum activities of\nalanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase,\nserum total bilirubin concentration, and total WBC\ncount were significantly higher among dogs with gallbladder\nrupture than among dogs without rupture.\nSensitivity of sonography for detection of rupture was\n85.7%. Overall perioperative mortality rate for dogs\nthat underwent cholecystectomy was 21.7%; mortality\nrate was not significantly greater for dogs with rupture.\nAerobic bacteria were isolated from the bile or gallbladder\nwall in 8.7% of dogs. All 18 dogs discharged\nfrom the hospital had complete resolution of clinical\nsigns. In dogs that underwent in-hospital reexamination,\nserum liver enzyme activities were significantly\ndecreased, compared with preoperative activities.\nPersistent increases in serum activities of 1 or more\nliver enzymes were detected in 9 of 12 dogs; 6 of 12\ndogs had persistent abnormalities in hepatic\nechogenicity. Mean follow-up period was 13.9 months.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Results suggest\nthat cholecystectomy is an effective treatment\nfor gallbladder mucocele. Although perioperative mortality\nrate is high, prognosis after discharge from the\nhospital is excellent. Rupture of the gallbladder warrants\nemergency surgical intervention but does not\npreclude a positive outcome. 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