{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T11:45:18Z","timestamp":1791114318200,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To estimate serovar-specific prevalence\nof leptospirosis by use of veterinary teaching hospital\nand laboratory submission data; describe annual and\nseasonal patterns of leptospirosis; and identify risk\nfactors for age, sex, and breed.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Retrospective study.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201490 dogs with leptospirosis.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Hospital records of dogs examined at\nPurdue University Veterinary Teaching Hospital with a\ndiagnosis of leptospirosis and laboratory records of\ndogs from which sera were tested for antibodies\nagainst <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> spp at Purdue University Animal\nDisease Diagnostic Laboratory from 1997 through 2002\nwere reviewed. The likely infecting <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> serovar\nwas identified. Seasonal and annual prevalences were\ncalculated by use of hospital population at risk (hospital\ncases) or serologic testing submissions (diagnostic laboratory\ncases). Age-, sex-, and breed-specific risk factors\nfor hospital cases were estimated by odds ratios.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Of the 39 hospitalized dogs identified, 34\nhad been serologically tested, and 22 of those were\ninfected with <jats:italic>Leptospira kirschneri<\/jats:italic> serovar grippotyphosa.\nOf the 51 diagnostic laboratory cases, 59%\nhad a reciprocal titer \u2265 800 against serovar grippotyphosa.\nDiagnostic laboratory cases were more common\nin summer, whereas hospital cases of leptospirosis\nwere more common in fall. Male dogs were\nat significantly greater risk of leptospirosis than\nfemale dogs; and dogs 4 to 6.9 years old were at significantly\ngreater risk than dogs &lt; 1 year old.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014<jats:italic>L kirschneri<\/jats:italic>\nserovar grippotyphosa infection was associated with\nmost cases of leptospirosis in dogs. Use of an effective\nvaccine that includes this serovar is advisable for\ndogs at risk of leptospirosis. (<jats:italic>J Am Vet Med Assoc<\/jats:italic> 2004;224:1958\u20131963)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2004.224.1958","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,22]],"date-time":"2005-12-22T11:25:46Z","timestamp":1135250746000},"page":"1958-1963","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Serovar-specific prevalence and risk factors for leptospirosis among dogs: 90 cases (1997\u20132002)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"224","author":[{"given":"Michael P.","family":"Ward","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynn F.","family":"Guptill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annalisa","family":"Prahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ching","family":"Ching Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"p_1_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/S1096-2867(96)80029-6","volume":"11","author":"Bolin CA","year":"1996","journal-title":"Semin Vet Med Surg Small Anim"},{"key":"p_2_136","first-page":"1505","volume":"181","author":"Hanson LE","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"p_3_137","unstructured":"Sykes JE. 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