{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T21:19:36Z","timestamp":1792531176250,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014To determine reproductive capacity of\nnaturally breeding free-roaming domestic cats and kitten\nsurvival rate.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Prospective cohort and retrospective crosssectional\nstudy.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u20142,332 female cats brought to a trap-neuterreturn\nclinic for neutering and 71 female cats and 171\nkittens comprising 50 litters from a cohort study of\nferal cats in managed colonies.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Data collected for all cats included pregnancy,\nlactation, and estrus status and number of\nfetuses for pregnant cats. Additional data collected for\nferal cats in managed colonies included numbers of\nlitters per year and kittens per litter, date of birth, kitten\nsurvival rate, and causes of death.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Pregnant cats were observed in all months\nof the year, but the percentage of cats found to be\npregnant was highest in March, April, and May. Cats\nproduced a mean of 1.4 litters\/y, with a median of 3\nkittens\/litter (range, 1 to 6). Overall, 127 of 169 (75%)\nkittens died or disappeared before 6 months of age.\nTrauma was the most common cause of death.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Results illustrate\nthe high reproductive capacity of free-roaming\ndomestic cats. Realistic estimates of the reproductive\ncapacity of female cats may be useful in assessing the\neffectiveness of population control strategies. (\n                    <jats:italic>J Am Vet Med Assoc<\/jats:italic>\n                    2004;225:1399\u20131402)\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2004.225.1399","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,21]],"date-time":"2005-12-21T08:02:35Z","timestamp":1135152155000},"page":"1399-1402","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":141,"title":["Reproductive capacity of free-roaming domestic cats and kitten survival rate"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"225","author":[{"given":"Felicia B.","family":"Nutter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay F.","family":"Levine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael K.","family":"Stoskopf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"p_1_337","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1998.212.02.218","volume":"212","author":"Patronek GJ","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"p_2_338","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2016","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1996.209.12.2016","volume":"209","author":"Mahlow JC","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"p_3_339","unstructured":"Slater MR. Community approaches to feral cats: problems, alternatives, and recommendations. Washington, DC: Humane Society Press, 2002."},{"key":"p_4_340","unstructured":"Deag JM, Manning A, Lawrence CE. Factors influencing the mother-kitten relationship. In: Turner DC, Bateson P, eds. The domestic cat: the biology of its behavior. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2000;23-46."},{"key":"p_5_341","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1993.202.06.904","volume":"202","author":"Olson PN","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"p_6_342","unstructured":"Luoma J. Catfight. Audobon 1997;Jul-Aug:84-91."},{"key":"p_7_343","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2002.220.1491"},{"key":"p_8_344","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee ET, Lee ETT, Wang JW. Statistical methods for survival data analysis. 3rd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2003.","DOI":"10.1002\/0471458546"},{"key":"p_9_345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1258\/002367781780893803","volume":"15","author":"Hurni H","year":"1981","journal-title":"Lab Anim"},{"key":"p_10_346","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2022","DOI":"10.1038\/1842022a0","volume":"184","author":"Scott PP","year":"1959","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"p_11_347","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1973.tb06758.x","volume":"49","author":"Prescott CW","year":"1973","journal-title":"Aust Vet J"},{"key":"p_12_348","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2002.221.1136"},{"key":"p_13_349","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/WR9820111"},{"key":"p_14_350","first-page":"288","volume":"3","author":"van Aarde RJ","year":"1978","journal-title":"Carnivore Genetics Newsletter"},{"key":"p_15_351","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1994.tb03951.x","volume":"35","author":"Ekstrand C","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"p_16_352","first-page":"6","volume":"18","author":"Kane E","year":"1990","journal-title":"Feline Pract"},{"key":"p_17_353","first-page":"1455","volume":"45","author":"Lawler DF","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"p_18_354","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/WR9950299"},{"key":"p_19_355","first-page":"207","volume":"19","author":"Povey RC","year":"1978","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"p_20_356","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1258\/002367770781036616","volume":"4","author":"Robinson R","year":"1970","journal-title":"Lab Anim"},{"key":"p_21_357","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.5326\/15473317-31-5-429","volume":"31","author":"Root M","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"p_22_358","first-page":"31","volume":"8","author":"Scott FW","year":"1978","journal-title":"Feline Pract"},{"key":"p_23_359","unstructured":"Ewer RF. The carnivores. London: Weidenfeld & Nicholson, 1973."},{"key":"p_24_360","first-page":"1","volume":"3","author":"Wolski TR","year":"1981","journal-title":"Feline Health Perspect"},{"key":"p_25_361","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1977.tb05821.x","volume":"18","author":"Jemmett JE","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"p_26_362","first-page":"107","volume":"172","author":"van Aarde RJ","year":"1984","journal-title":"Acta Zool Fennica"},{"key":"p_27_363","first-page":"1","volume":"145","author":"Cypher BL","year":"2000","journal-title":"Wildl Monthly"},{"key":"p_28_364","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.2307\/1379919","volume":"59","author":"Fritts SH","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Mammal"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/225\/9\/javma.2004.225.1399.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/225\/9\/javma.2004.225.1399.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/225\/9\/javma.2004.225.1399.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T08:58:44Z","timestamp":1741337924000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/225\/9\/javma.2004.225.1399.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,1]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.2004.225.1399","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,1]]}}}