{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:09:42Z","timestamp":1790208582692,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine clinical and pathologic findings\nassociated with an outbreak of cryptococcosis in\nan unusual geographic location (British Columbia,\nCanada).<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Retrospective study.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u20141 pink-fronted cockatoo, 2 ferrets, 20 cats,\nand 15 dogs.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014A presumptive diagnosis of cryptococcosis\nwas made on the basis of serologic, histopathologic,\nor cytologic findings, and a definitive diagnosis\nwas made on the basis of culture or immunohistochemical\nstaining.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014No breed or sex predilections were detected\nin affected dogs or cats. Eleven cats had neurologic\nsigns, 7 had skin lesions, and 5 had respiratory tract\nsigns. None of 17 cats tested serologically for FeLV\nyielded positive results; 1 of 17 cats yielded positive\nresults for FIV (western blot). Nine of 15 dogs had neurologic\nsigns, 2 had periorbital swellings, and only 3 had\nrespiratory tract signs initially. Microbiologic culture in\n15 cases yielded 2 isolates of <jats:italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/jats:italic>\nvar <jats:italic>grubii<\/jats:italic> (serotype A) and 13 isolates of <jats:italic>C neoformans<\/jats:italic>\nvar <jats:italic>gattii<\/jats:italic>(serotype B); all organisms were susceptible\nto amphotericin B and ketoconazole. Serologic\ntesting had sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 98%.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Serologic\ntiters were beneficial in identifying infection in animals\nwith nonspecific signs, but routine serum biochemical\nor hematologic parameters were of little\nvalue in diagnosis. Most animals had nonspecific CNS\nsigns and represented a diagnostic challenge.\nAnimals that travel to or live in this region and have\nnonspecific malaise or unusual neurologic signs\nshould be evaluated for cryptococcosis. 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