{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T21:00:43Z","timestamp":1778706043768,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine outcome of equids in the\nwestern United States with clinical signs of West Nile\nvirus (WNV) infection and identify factors associated\nwith risk of death in infected equids.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u2014484 equids in Nebraska and Colorado.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Owners of 484 equids with laboratoryconfirmed\nWest Nile virus infection in Nebraska and\nColorado were contacted by telephone, and a questionnaire\nwas used to obtain information on signalment,\nmanagement, clinical signs, date of disease\nonset, duration of disease, WNV vaccination status,\nand health status at the time of the interview.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014137 of 482 (28.4%) animals died or were\neuthanatized. Ataxia, lethargy, muscle fasciculations,\nand weakness were the most common clinical signs\nof disease. Animals \u2265 3 years old were more likely to\ndie than were animals \u2264 2 years old. Unvaccinated\nequids were twice as likely to die as were animals\nthat had been vaccinated at least once prior to the\nonset of disease. Animals that were recumbent and\nunable to rise were 78 times as likely to die as were\nanimals that never lost the ability to rise. Females\nwere 2.9 times as likely to die as males. Two hundred\nseventy-one of 339 (79.9%) animals that survived\nrecovered fully; mean duration of disease for these\nanimals was 22.3 days.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Among equids\nwith WNV infection, age, vaccination status, an inability\nto rise, and sex were associated with the risk of\ndeath. 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