{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T14:58:26Z","timestamp":1770217106327,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To identify clinical, echocardiographic,\nand electrocardiographic abnormalities in Boxers with\ncardiomyopathy and echocardiographic evidence of\nleft ventricular systolic dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Retrospective study.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201448 mature Boxers.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Medical records were reviewed for information\non age; sex; physical examination findings;\nand results of electrocardiography, 24-hour ambulatory\nelectrocardiography, thoracic radiography, and\nechocardiography.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Mean age of the dogs was 6 years (range, 1\nto 11 years). Twenty (42%) dogs had a systolic murmur,\nand 9 (19%) had ascites. Congestive heart failure was\ndiagnosed in 24 (50%) dogs. Seventeen (35%) dogs\nhad a history of syncope. Mean fractional shortening\nwas 14.4% (range, 1% to 23%). Mean left ventricular\nsystolic and diastolic diameters were 4.5 cm (range, 3\nto 6.3 cm) and 5.3 cm (range, 3.9 to 7.4 cm), respectively.\nTwenty-eight (58%) dogs had a sinus rhythm\nwith ventricular premature complexes (VPCs), and 20\nhad supraventricular arrhythmias (15 with atrial fibrillation\nand 5 with sinus rhythm and atrial premature complexes).\nSixteen of the dogs with supraventricular\narrhythmias also had occasional VPCs. Morphology of\nthe VPCs seen on lead II ECGs was consistent with left\nbundle branch block in 25 dogs, right bundle branch\nblock in 8, and both in 11.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Results suggest\nthat Boxers with cardiomyopathy and left ventricular\ndysfunction frequently have arrhythmias of supraventricular\nor ventricular origin. Whether ventricular dysfunction\nwas preceded by electrical disturbances could\nnot be determined from these data, and the natural history\nof myocardial disease in Boxers requires further\nstudy. (<jats:italic>J Am Vet Med Assoc<\/jats:italic> 2005;226:1102\u20131104)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2005.226.1102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,21]],"date-time":"2005-12-21T15:28:33Z","timestamp":1135178913000},"page":"1102-1104","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Clinical, echocardiographic, and electrocardiographic abnormalities in Boxers with cardiomyopathy and left ventricular systolic dysfunction: 48 cases (1985\u20132003)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"226","author":[{"given":"Ryan D.","family":"Baumwart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathryn M.","family":"Meurs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clarke E.","family":"Atkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John D.","family":"Bonagura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teresa C.","family":"DeFrancesco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruce W.","family":"Keene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shianne","family":"Koplitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Virginia Luis","family":"Fuentes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew W.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Rausch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan W.","family":"Spier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"p_1_256","first-page":"329","author":"Harpster N","year":"1983","journal-title":"Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co"},{"key":"p_2_257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(91)50107-8","volume":"21","author":"Harpster N","year":"1991","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"p_3_258","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1054-8807(01)00067-9"},{"key":"p_4_259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000118494.07530.65"},{"key":"p_5_260","first-page":"834","author":"Bonagura JB","year":"2000","journal-title":"Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co"},{"key":"p_6_261","unstructured":"Goodwin JK, Cattiny G. 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