{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T11:43:26Z","timestamp":1791287006206,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To estimate West Nile virus (WNV) infection\nrates, assess environmental variables that correlated\nwith seropositivity in dogs and cats, and assess whether\npets should be considered as possible sentinels for\nWNV and therefore of potential human exposure.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Cross-sectional serosurvey.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u2014442 dogs and 138 cats.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Serum samples were screened for\nseropositivity against WNV by use of the plaque\nreduction neutralization test.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014116 (26%) dogs and 13 (9%) cats yielded positive\nresults. The odds of seropositivity against WNV for\noutdoor-only family dogs were almost 19 times as great\nas those for indoor-only family dogs and almost twice as\ngreat for stray dogs as for family dogs. Family dogs not\nreceiving heartworm medication were 2.5 times as likely\nto yield positive results for antibodies against WNV as\nfamily dogs receiving heartworm medication.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Seropositivity\nwas greater for outdoor family dogs than for indoor\nfamily dogs. Further investigation of the potential use\nof stray dogs as sentinel indicators for WNV infection\nand the potential risk of human exposure is warranted.\n(<jats:italic>J Am Vet Med Assoc<\/jats:italic> 2005;226:1349\u20131353).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2005.226.1349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,21]],"date-time":"2005-12-21T15:29:09Z","timestamp":1135178949000},"page":"1349-1353","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Serologic survey of cats and dogs during an epidemic of West Nile virus infection in humans"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"226","author":[{"given":"James C.","family":"Kile","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas A.","family":"Panella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Komar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine C.","family":"Chow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"MacNeil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brent","family":"Robbins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel L.","family":"Bunning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"p_1_207","first-page":"1129","volume":"51","year":"2002","journal-title":"Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"p_2_208","unstructured":"CDC. Final West Nile virus update for 2002, reported April 15, 2003. Available at: www.cdc.gov\/ncidod\/dvbid\/westnile\/ surv&controlCaseCount02.htm. Accessed Jun 2, 2004."},{"key":"p_3_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0704.017424","volume":"7","author":"Komar N","year":"2001","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"p_4_210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)05480-0"},{"key":"p_5_211","unstructured":"Office of Public Health, Department of Health and Hospitals, State of Louisiana. West Nile virus encephalitis outbreak, 2002. Available at: www.oph.dhh.state.la.us\/infectiousdisease\/westnileprog\/docs\/WNtab103102.pdf. Accessed Feb 9, 2003."},{"key":"p_6_212","unstructured":"CDC. Available at: www.cdc.gov\/od\/oc\/media\/wncount.htm. Accessed Feb 9, 2003."},{"key":"p_7_213","unstructured":"Weathermax D. West Nile virus. CDC EIS Bull 2002;Fall:3-9."},{"key":"p_8_214","unstructured":"US Census Bureau. US census 2000. Available at: www.census.gov\/main\/www\/cen2000.html. Accessed Nov 22, 2002."},{"key":"p_9_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-137-3-200208060-00009","volume":"137","author":"Petersen LR","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"p_10_216","unstructured":"Geocode.com. Available at: www.geocode.com. Accessed Mar 24, 2003."},{"key":"p_11_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761998000200002","volume":"93","author":"Labarthe N","year":"1998","journal-title":"Brazil. 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