{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T11:41:20Z","timestamp":1785498080431,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine the incidence of\n<jats:italic>Coccidioides<\/jats:italic> infection among dogs residing in a\nregion in which the organism is endemic (Pima and\nMaricopa counties, Arizona) and estimate the rate of\nclinical illness.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Community-based longitudinal and crosssectional\nstudies.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u2014124 healthy 4- to 6-month-old seronegative\npuppies (longitudinal study) and 381 4- to 18-monthold\ndogs with unknown serostatus (cross-sectional\nstudy).<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Dogs in the longitudinal study were tested\nat 6-month intervals for at least 1 year for anticoccidioidal\nantibodies. Dogs that became ill were evaluated\nfor coccidioidomycosis. Dogs in the cross-sectional\nstudy were tested for anticoccidioidal antibodies\nonce, and clinical abnormalities were recorded.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u201428 of the 104 (27%) dogs that completed\nthe longitudinal study developed anticoccidioidal antibodies.\nThirty-two of the 381 (8%) dogs in the crosssectional\nstudy had anticoccidioidal antibodies. Five\nseropositive dogs in the longitudinal study and 13\nseropositive dogs in the cross-sectional study had\nclinical signs of disease. The remaining seropositive\ndogs were otherwise healthy and were classified as\nsubclinically infected. Survival analysis indicated that\nthe cumulative probability of infection by 2 years of\nage was 28%, and the cumulative probability of clinical\ninfection by 2 years of age was 6%. Titers for clinically\nand subclinically infected dogs overlapped.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Results suggested\nthat young dogs living in the study area had a\nhigh likelihood of becoming infected with Coccidioides\nspp, but few developed clinical illness. Serologic testing\nalone was insufficient for a diagnosis of clinical disease\nbecause of the overlap in titers between clinically\nand subclinically infected dogs. (<jats:italic>J Am Vet Med Assoc<\/jats:italic>\n2005;226:1846\u20131850)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2005.226.1846","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,21]],"date-time":"2005-12-21T11:54:50Z","timestamp":1135166090000},"page":"1846-1850","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Incidence of Coccidioides infection among dogs residing in a region in which the organism is endemic"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"226","author":[{"given":"Lisa F.","family":"Shubitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine D.","family":"Butkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon M.","family":"Dial","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina P.","family":"Lindan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"p_1_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1080\/15572536.2003.11833250","volume":"94","author":"Fisher MC","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mycologia"},{"key":"p_2_153","first-page":"233","volume":"54","author":"Maddy KT","year":"1959","journal-title":"Vet Med"},{"key":"p_3_154","first-page":"391","author":"Greene RT.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co"},{"key":"p_4_155","unstructured":"Reed RE, Bicknell EJ, Hood HBA. 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Coccidioidomycosis, part I and part II. Am Rev Respir Dis 1978;117:559-585, 727-771."},{"key":"p_18_169","first-page":"107","author":"Maddy KT","year":"1957","journal-title":"Symp Coccidioidomycosis"},{"key":"p_19_170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/srin.2001.29315"},{"key":"p_20_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pappagianis D. Serology and serodiagnosis of coccidioidomycosis. In: Stevens DA, ed. Coccidioidomycosis: a text. New York: Plenum Press, 1980;97-112.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-1712-9_6"},{"key":"p_21_172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2003.222.461"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/226\/11\/javma.2005.226.1846.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/226\/11\/javma.2005.226.1846.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/226\/11\/javma.2005.226.1846.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T13:38:19Z","timestamp":1741354699000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/226\/11\/javma.2005.226.1846.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,1]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.2005.226.1846","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,1]]}}}