{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T11:40:23Z","timestamp":1785498023316,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To evaluate potential risk factors for\n<jats:italic>Coccidioides<\/jats:italic> infection among dogs living in a region in\nwhich the organism is endemic (Pima and Maricopa\ncounties, Arizona).<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Community-based longitudinal and crosssectional\nstudies.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u2014104 healthy 4- to 6-month-old puppies (longitudinal\nstudy) and 381 4- to 18-month-old dogs with\nunknown serostatus (cross-sectional study).<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Dogs in the longitudinal study were tested\n3 times at 6-month intervals for anticoccidioidal\nantibodies; dogs in the cross-sectional study were\ntested only once. Owners of all dogs completed a\nquestionnaire on potential environmental exposures.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014In the longitudinal study, the relative risk of\ninfection for dogs that were outdoors during the day\nwas 4.9 times the risk for dogs that were kept indoors.\nSeropositive dogs in the cross-sectional study were 6.2\ntimes as likely to have access to &gt; 1 acre to roam as\nwere seronegative dogs. Logistic regression analysis\nindicated that the odds of infection increased with age\n(odds ratio [OR], 1.1), amount of roaming space (OR,\n2.4), and walking in the desert (OR, 2.2). Walking on\nsidewalks had a protective effect (OR, 0.4).<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Results suggest\nthat in regions in which the organism is endemic,\ndogs that spend more time outdoors or have more\nland in which to roam are at greater risk of infection\nwith Coccidioides spp. (<jats:italic>J Am Vet Med Assoc<\/jats:italic> 2005;\n226:1851\u20131854)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2005.226.1851","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,21]],"date-time":"2005-12-21T11:54:50Z","timestamp":1135166090000},"page":"1851-1854","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Risk factors associated with Coccidioides infection in dogs"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"226","author":[{"given":"Christine D.","family":"Butkiewicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa F.","family":"Shubitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon M.","family":"Dial","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"p_1_173","first-page":"391","author":"Greene RT.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co"},{"key":"p_2_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pappagianis D. Epidemiology of coccidioidomycosis. In: Stevens DA, ed. Coccidioidomycosis: a text. New York: Plenum Press, 1980;63-85.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-1712-9_4"},{"key":"p_3_175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.2001.01496.x"},{"key":"p_4_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huppert M, Sun SH. Overview of mycology and the mycology of Coccidioides immitis. In: Stevens DA, ed. Coccidioidomycosis: a text. 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Clin Infect Dis 2001;32: 708-714.","DOI":"10.1086\/319203"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/226\/11\/javma.2005.226.1851.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/226\/11\/javma.2005.226.1851.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/226\/11\/javma.2005.226.1851.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T13:38:21Z","timestamp":1741354701000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/226\/11\/javma.2005.226.1851.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,1]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.2005.226.1851","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,1]]}}}