{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T12:15:17Z","timestamp":1763036117325,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine the seroprevalence of antibodies\nagainst <jats:italic>Coccidioides immitis<\/jats:italic> in healthy horses\nresiding in an area in which the organism is endemic.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Prospective study.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u2014197 healthy horses (in which coccidioidomycosis\nhad not been previously diagnosed) that\nresided in an area of Arizona in which coccidioidomycosis\nis endemic.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Of the horses evaluated at the Arizona\nEquine Medical and Surgical Center during a 6-month\nperiod, 197 with no clinical signs of coccidioidomycosis\nwere randomly selected for inclusion in the study;\nsera were evaluated for IgM and IgG antibodies\nagainst <jats:italic>C immitis<\/jats:italic> via an immunodiffusion assay (IgGpositive\nsamples were assessed quantitatively).\nWithin 6 months, recheck titer evaluations were\nattempted for all seropositive horses.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Serum antibodies against <jats:italic>C immitis<\/jats:italic> were\ndetected in 8 of 197 horses (seroprevalence, 4.06%).\nResults of serologic assays were positive for IgG antibodies\nand negative for IgM antibodies in 7 horses\nand positive for both IgG and IgM antibodies in 1\nhorse; reciprocal serum IgG antibody titers were low\n(none &gt; 8). Follow-up serologic data were obtained\nfrom 5 horses; compared with initial findings, horses\nhad become seronegative or titers were unchanged\nor decreased. Duration of residence in the area was\nsignificantly shorter for seropositive horses than for\nseronegative horses.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Serum antibodies\nagainst <jats:italic>C immitis<\/jats:italic> may rarely be detected in healthy\nhorses residing in an area in which the disease is\nendemic; any horse with a detectable serum antibody\ntiter should be reevaluated after an interval of at least 3\nweeks. 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