{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T02:32:09Z","timestamp":1778121129735,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine clinical and ultrasonographic\nabnormalities in horses with primary desmitis of\nthe palmar or plantar annular ligament (PAL) and the\nresponse to treatment.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Retrospective study.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201425 horses.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Data collected from medical records\nincluded signalment, horse use, affected limb, severity\nand duration of lameness, results of diagnostic\ntests performed, ultrasonographic findings, treatment,\nand outcome.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014All horses had a prominent swelling in the\nregion of the affected PAL, and signs of pain were evident\nduring palpation of the swelling. In all horses,\nthe affected PAL was thicker than normal as determined\nultrasonographically. Twenty horses had hypoechoic\nregions in the PAL. Four horses, including 1\nhorse with 3 affected limbs, were treated by means\nof PAL desmoplasty, 9 were treated by means of PAL\ndesmotomy, and 12 were treated with rest. Follow-up\ninformation was available for 21 horses. All 4 horses\nthat underwent PAL desmoplasty, 4 of 7 horses that\nunderwent PAL desmotomy, and 7 of 10 horses treated\nwith rest alone became sound.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Results suggest\nthat primary desmitis of the PAL may be a cause\nof lameness in horses. Although significant differences\nin outcome between horses treated with rest\nalone versus PAL desmoplasty versus PAL desmotomy\nwere not identified, because it is less invasive,\nPAL desmoplasty should be considered for treatment\nof horses with PAL desmitis that do not respond to\nconservative treatment and do not have any evidence\nof constriction of the digital flexor tendons. (<jats:italic>J Am Vet\nMed Assoc<\/jats:italic> 2005;226:83\u201386)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2005.226.83","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,21]],"date-time":"2005-12-21T15:26:52Z","timestamp":1135178812000},"page":"83-86","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Primary desmitis of the palmar and plantar annular ligaments in horses: 25 cases (1990\u20132003)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"226","author":[{"given":"Julie D.","family":"McGhee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathaniel A.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurie R.","family":"Goodrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"p_1_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.1995.9694553","volume":"17","author":"van den Berg MJ","year":"1995","journal-title":"Vet Q"},{"key":"p_2_193","first-page":"435","author":"Nixon AJ","year":"1990","journal-title":"Philadelphia: JB Lippincott Co"},{"key":"p_3_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1993.tb00428.x","volume":"22","author":"Nixon AJ","year":"1993","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"p_4_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1986.tb03570.x","volume":"18","author":"Verschooten F","year":"1986","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"p_5_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1984.tb01874.x","volume":"16","author":"Gerring EL","year":"1984","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"p_6_197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1999.00429.x"},{"key":"p_7_198","first-page":"327","volume":"69","author":"Adams OR","year":"1974","journal-title":"Vet Med Small Anim Clin"},{"key":"p_8_199","first-page":"674","author":"Schramme M","year":"2003","journal-title":"Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co"},{"key":"p_9_200","first-page":"39","author":"Reef VB","year":"1998","journal-title":"Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co"},{"key":"p_10_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1991.tb03719.x","volume":"23","author":"Dik KJ","year":"1991","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"p_11_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1990.tb01182.x","volume":"19","author":"Nixon AJ","year":"1990","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"p_12_203","first-page":"1","volume":"5","author":"Henninger RW","year":"1992","journal-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/226\/1\/article-p83.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/226\/1\/article-p83.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/226\/1\/article-p83.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T13:57:59Z","timestamp":1741355879000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/226\/1\/article-p83.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.2005.226.83","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]]}}}