{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T09:42:41Z","timestamp":1785577361169,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine the effects of a 24-hour\ninfusion of an isotonic electrolyte replacement fluid\n(IERF) on weight, serum and urine electrolyte concentrations,\nand other clinicopathologic variables in\nhealthy neonatal foals.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u20144 healthy 4-day-old foals.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Prospective study.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014An IERF was administered to each foal\nat an estimated rate of 80 mL\/kg\/d (36.4 mL\/lb\/d) for\n24 hours. Body weight was measured before and\nafter the infusion period. Urine was collected via\ncatheter during 4-hour periods; blood samples were\ncollected at 4-hour intervals. Variables including urine\nproduction; urine and serum osmolalities; sodium,\npotassium, and chloride concentrations in urine and\nserum; urine and serum creatinine concentrations;\nurine osmolality-to-serum osmolality ratio (OsmR);\ntranstubular potassium gradient (TTKG); and percentage\ncreatinine clearance (Cr<jats:sub>cl<\/jats:sub>) of electrolytes were\nrecorded at 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 hours during the\ninfusion period. Immediately after the study period,\nnet fluid and whole-body electrolyte changes from\nbaseline values were calculated.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Compared with baseline values, urine and\nserum sodium and chloride serum concentrations, urine\nand serum osmolalities, OsmR, and percentage Crcl of\nsodium and chloride were significantly increased at various\ntime points during the infusion; urine production did\nnot change significantly. After 24 hours, weight, TTKG,\nserum creatinine concentration, and whole-body potassium\nhad significantly decreased from baseline values.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Results suggest\nthat administration of an IERF containing a physiologic\nconcentration of sodium may not be appropriate\nfor use in neonatal foals that require maintenance fluid\ntherapy. 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