{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T05:10:50Z","timestamp":1792905050733,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014To evaluate risk factors associated with\ndevelopment of catheter-associated jugular thrombophlebitis\nin hospitalized horses.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Retrospective case-control study.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u201450 horses with thrombophlebitis and 100\ncontrol horses.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Medical records from 1993 through 1998\nwere searched for horses with thrombophlebitis.\nHorses that were hospitalized for at least 5 days, had an\nIV catheter placed in a jugular vein (other than for solely\nanesthetic purposes), and had no evidence of thrombophlebitis\nduring admission or hospitalization were\nchosen as controls. Signalment, history, clinicopathologic\nfindings, primary illness, and treatment were\nobtained from the medical records. Data were analyzed\nby use of logistic regression to perform univariate and\nmultivariate analyses.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014For a horse with endotoxemia, the odds of\ndeveloping thrombophlebitis were 18 times those for a\nsimilar horse without endotoxemia. For a horse with salmonellosis,\nthe odds of developing thrombophlebitis\nwere 68 times those for a similar horse without salmonellosis.\nFor a horse with hypoproteinemia, the odds of\ndeveloping thrombophlebitis were almost 5 times those\nfor a similar horse without hypoproteinemia. For a horse\nin the medicine section, the odds of developing thrombophlebitis\nwere 16 times those for a similar horse in\nthe surgery section. For a horse with large intestinal disease,\nthe odds of developing thrombophlebitis were 4\ntimes those for a similar horse without large intestinal\ndisease. For a horse receiving antidiarrheal or antiulcerative\nmedications, the odds of developing thrombophlebitis\nwere 31 times those for a similar horse not\nreceiving these medications.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Results indicated\nthat patient factors, including large intestinal disease,\nhypoproteinemia, salmonellosis, and endotoxemia,\nwere associated with development of catheter-associated\nthrombophlebitis in horses. 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