{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T07:35:45Z","timestamp":1781681745776,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine prevalences of heartworm\nexposure (ie, positive heartworm antibody test\nresults) and heartworm infection (ie, positive heartworm\nantigen test results or identification of mature\nheartworms at necropsy) among nondomestic cats\nhoused in an area in rural North Carolina where\n<jats:italic>Dirofilaria immitis<\/jats:italic> is known to be endemic and among\nnondomestic cats housed in areas with a low prevalence\nof dirofilariasis or in an area considered to be\nfree from heartworms.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Cross-sectional prevalence survey.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201497 nondomestic cats in North Carolina\n(study population) and 29 nondomestic cats in\nColorado; Queensland, Australia; or Auckland, New\nZealand (control population).<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Results of serologic tests and postmortem\nexaminations were reviewed.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Results of heartworm antibody tests were\npositive for 57 of 75 (76%) study cats and 1 of 29\n(3%) control cats. Male study cats had a significantly\nhigher risk of heartworm exposure than did\nfemale study cats (relative risk, 1.3). Results of heartworm\nantigen tests were negative for all 47 study\ncats and 16 control cats that were tested.\nPostmortem examinations were performed on 21\nstudy cats, and 1 (5%) was found to be infected with\nheartworms.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Results suggested\nthat nondomestic cats housed outdoors in the\nsoutheastern United States are at risk for heartworm\nexposure and infection, with male cats having a greater\nrisk of exposure than female cats. 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