{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T03:17:50Z","timestamp":1790824670526,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To evaluate the cardiorespiratory effects\nof controlled versus spontaneous ventilation in\npigeons anesthetized for coelioscopy.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Prospective study.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201430 healthy adult pigeons (<jats:italic>Columbia livia<\/jats:italic>).<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014During isoflurane anesthesia, 15 pigeons\nwere allowed to breathe spontaneously (SP group)\nand 15 were mechanically ventilated (MV group) by\nuse of a pressure-limited ventilator. In each group,\ncardiopulmonary variables (including end-tidal CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\nconcentration [ETCO2]) were measured before (baseline),\nduring, and after coelioscopy. An arterial blood\nsample was collected for blood gas analyses from\neach pigeon before coelioscopy and after the procedure,\nwhen the caudal thoracic air sac was still open.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014At baseline, hypoventilation was greater in\nthe SP group than the MV group. Compared with the\nSP group values, ETCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> overestimated PaCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> to a\ngreater degree in the MV group. Cardiovascular variables\nwere not different between groups. After coelioscopy\n(when the air sac was open), PaCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> had\ndecreased significantly from baseline in the MV group.\nIn the SP group, hypoventilation worsened despite an\nincrease in respiratory rate. After coelioscopy, PaO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> in\nthe SP group had decreased from baseline and was\nlower than PaO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> in the MV group; arterial blood pressure\nand heart rate in the MV group had decreased from\nbaseline and were lower than values in the SP group.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014In adult\npigeons, controlled ventilation delivered by a pressurelimited\ndevice was not associated with clinically important\nadverse cardiopulmonary changes but may be\nassociated with respiratory alkalosis and cardiovascular\ndepression when air sac integrity has been disrupted.\n(<jats:italic>J Am Vet Med Assoc<\/jats:italic> 2005;227:1424\u20131428)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2005.227.1424","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,21]],"date-time":"2005-12-21T12:52:23Z","timestamp":1135169543000},"page":"1424-1428","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Cardiopulmonary effects of controlled versus spontaneous ventilation in pigeons anesthetized for coelioscopy"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"227","author":[{"given":"Gwenola","family":"Touzot-Jourde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Hernandez-Divers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia 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