{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T04:51:08Z","timestamp":1784609468921,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine prevalences of polysaccharide\nstorage myopathy (PSSM) and shivers in Belgian\nDraft Horses (BDHs) and determine whether there\nwas an association between these 2 conditions.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Prospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u2014103 BDHs &gt; 1 year old.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Owners were questioned regarding clinical\nsigns of PSSM, shivers, and hindquarter weakness,\ndefined as poor hindquarter muscling and lack\nof propulsion. Blood samples were collected for\ndetermination of serum creatine kinase and aspartate\ntransferase activities and serum selenium and vitamin\nE concentrations. A biopsy sample from the gluteus\nmedius muscle was submitted for histologic, histochemical,\nand biochemical analysis. A diagnosis of\nPSSM was made if abnormal amylase-resistant polysaccharide\ninclusions were seen histologically.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u201437 (36%) horses had PSSM and 19 (18%)\nhad shivers, but only 6 (6%) had both PSSM and shivers,\nwhereas 31 (30%) had PSSM alone, 13 (13%)\nhad shivers alone, and 53 (51%) had neither, and a\nsignificant association between PSSM and shivers\nwas not detected. Hindquarter weakness was found\nin 30 horses. Only 13 of 37 (35%) horses with PSSM\nand 11 of 19 (58%) horses with shivers had hindquarter\nweakness. Serum creatine kinase and aspartate\ntransferase activities and serum selenium and vitamin\nE concentrations were not significantly different\nbetween horses with and without PSSM or between\nhorses with and without shivers.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Results suggest\nthat PSSM and shivers are common but unrelated\ndisorders in BDHs. 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