{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T13:52:29Z","timestamp":1775742749677,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine whether addition of a continuous,\nlocal infusion of bupivacaine would improve\npostoperative analgesia in dogs undergoing total ear\ncanal ablation.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Randomized controlled trial.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201416 dogs undergoing total ear canal ablation\n(12 unilaterally and 4 bilaterally with &gt; 1 month\nbetween procedures).<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Dogs were randomly allocated to\nreceive morphine (0.25 mg\/kg [0.11 mg\/lb]) at the end\nof the procedure (10 procedures) or morphine and a\ncontinuous, local infusion of bupivacaine (0.13 to 0.21\nmg\/kg\/h [0.06 to 0.1 mg\/lb\/h]; 10 procedures). Dogs\nwere observed for 48 hours after surgery. Additional\ndoses of morphine were administered up to every 4\nhours in dogs with signs of severe pain.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Temperament, sedation, analgesia, and\ncumulative pain scores were not significantly different\nbetween groups any time after surgery. Recovery\nscore was significantly higher for dogs that received\nbupivacaine than for control dogs 2 hours after extubation\nbut not at any other time. Serum cortisol concentration\nwas not significantly different between\ngroups at any time but, in both groups, was significantly\nincreased at the time of extubation, compared\nwith all other observation times. Total number of additional\ndoses of morphine administered was not significantly\ndifferent between groups. Bupivacaine was\nnot detected in the plasma of any of the dogs that\nreceived the local bupivacaine infusion.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Results suggest\nthat addition of a continuous, local infusion of\nbupivacaine did not significantly increase the degree of\npostoperative analgesia in dogs that underwent total\near canal ablation and were given morphine at the end\nof surgery. 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