{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T11:59:06Z","timestamp":1791892746060,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine clinical signs, results of\ndiagnostic testing, and outcome in horses with internal\n<jats:italic>Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Retrospective study.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201430 horses.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Information pertaining to clinical data,\nresults of diagnostic tests, and costs of hospitalization\nand treatment was extracted from medical\nrecords of affected horses.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Internal <jats:italic>C pseudotuberculosis<\/jats:italic> infection\nwas diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs, diagnostic\nimaging, and clinicopathologic data, including\nresults of serologic tests and bacterial culture. The\nmost common clinical signs were concurrent external\nabscesses, anorexia, fever, lethargy, weight loss,\nand signs of respiratory tract disease or abdominal\npain. Clinicopathologic abnormalities included a geometric\nmean reciprocal serum synergistic hemolysin\ninhibition titer \u2265 512, leukocytosis with neutrophilia,\nhyperglobulinemia, hyperfibrinogenemia, and anemia.\nSpecific organ involvement was diagnosed in 27\nof 30 horses. Affected organs included the liver (18\nhorses), lungs (12), kidneys (7), and spleen (3); multiple\norgans were affected in 10 horses. Treatment\nwith antimicrobials for a median of 36 days (range, 7\nto 97 days) was usually successful, yielding an overall\nsurvival rate of 71%.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Early diagnosis\nand long-term antimicrobial treatment were important\nfor a successful outcome in horses with internal\n<jats:italic>C pseudotuberculosis<\/jats:italic> infection. Ultrasonographic imaging\nwas an important technique for identifying specific\norgans affected, aiding in obtaining samples for a definitive\ndiagnosis, and monitoring response to treatment.\nPregnant mares with internal infections are at risk for\nfetal loss. Preexisting chronic organ disease may be\nassociated with a poor prognosis. 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