{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T10:58:26Z","timestamp":1793444306814,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014To evaluate pretreatment clinical and laboratory\nfindings in dogs with naturally occurring primary\nhyperparathyroidism.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Retrospective study.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014210 dogs with primary hyperparathyroidism\nand 200 randomly selected, age-matched control dogs\nthat did not have primary hyperparathyroidism.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Medical records for dogs with primary\nhyperparathyroidism were reviewed for signalment;\nclinical features; and results of clinicopathologic testing,\nserum parathyroid hormone assays, and diagnostic\nimaging.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Mean age of the dogs with primary hyperparathyroidism\nwas 11.2 years (range, 6 to 17 years). The\nmost common clinical signs were attributable to urolithiasis\nor urinary tract infection (ie, straining to urinate,\nincreased frequency of urination, and hematuria). Most\ndogs (149 [71%]) did not have any observable abnormalities\non physical examination. All dogs had hypercalcemia,\nand most (136 [65%]) had hypophosphatemia.\nOverall, 200 of the 210 (95%) dogs had BUN and serum\ncreatinine concentrations within or less than the reference\nrange, and serum parathyroid hormone concentration\nwas within reference limits in 135 of 185 (73%)\ndogs in which it was measured. Urolithiasis was identified\nin 65 (31%) dogs, and urinary tract infection was\ndiagnosed in 61 (29%). Mean serum total calcium concentration\nfor the control dogs was significantly lower\nthan mean concentration for the dogs with primary\nhyperparathyroidism, but mean BUN and serum creatinine\nconcentrations for the control dogs were both significantly\nhigher than concentrations for the dogs with\nprimary hyperparathyroidism.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Results suggest\nthat urolithiasis and urinary tract infection may be associated\nwith hypercalcemia in dogs with primary hyperparathyroidism,\nbut that development of renal insufficiency\nis uncommon. 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