{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T22:33:07Z","timestamp":1778279587690,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To compare the cardiorespiratory effects, quality and duration of sedation of 2 subcutaneous sedation protocols for noninvasive procedures in guinea pigs (GPs).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>ANIMALS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>24 pet GPs (15 females, 9 males) of 3 different age groups: infant (n = 8), juvenile (8), and adult (8).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>PROCEDURES<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The study design was a randomized, crossover, blinded, clinical trial with a washout period of at least 7 days between protocols. Guinea pigs were sedated SC with alfaxalone (5 mg\/kg; group A) or alfaxalone (5 mg\/kg) and midazolam (0.5 mg\/kg; group A + M) to facilitate blood sampling, radiography, or abdominal ultrasonography. Vital parameters, hemoglobin saturation (SpO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>), and sedation scores were recorded every 5 minutes.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Mean heart rate was lower in group A than group A + M (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.001), and respiratory rate was significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.001) decreased relative to baseline during sedation in both groups. The SpO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> remained above 95% in both sedation groups. Rectal temperature was significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.001) lower during recovery versus baseline. Onset of sedation was shorter and the duration longer in group A + M than in group A. The duration and depth of the sedation was different between age groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.001), being longer and deeper in adults. Bruxism, hectic movements, twitching, and some degree of hyperreactivity were observed during 41 of the 48 sedations.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Subcutaneous administration of alfaxalone provided reliable sedation for nonpainful procedures in GPs. When combined with midazolam, alfaxalone provided longer and deeper sedation that was more significant in adults than in younger patients.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.21.02.0104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,25]],"date-time":"2022-03-25T12:54:22Z","timestamp":1648212862000},"page":"1024-1030","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Comparison of subcutaneous sedation with alfaxalone or alfaxalone-midazolam in pet guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) of three different age groups"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"260","author":[{"given":"Elena R\u00edos","family":"\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Veterinario Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Medicina y Cirug\u00eda Animal, Facultat de Veterinaria y Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura Vilalta","family":"Sol\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Veterinario Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Medicina y Cirug\u00eda Animal, Facultat de Veterinaria y Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alejandra Garc\u00eda","family":"de Carell\u00e1n Mateo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Veterinario Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Medicina y Cirug\u00eda Animal, Facultat de Veterinaria y Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Laboratory Animal Anesthesia","first-page":"220","article-title":"Anaesthesia of common laboratory species","author":"Flecknell P","year":"2016","unstructured":"Flecknell P. 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