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Frontal sinusotomy revealed fungal plaques covering a combination of bone and residual surgical tissue adhesive at the site of the previous craniotomy in all 3 dogs. <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> spp were identified in all 3 dogs, and <jats:italic>Chrysosporium<\/jats:italic> sp was also identified in 1 dog.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>TREATMENT AND OUTCOME<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Surgical curettage was followed by antifungal treatment (topical clotrimazole in 2 dogs and oral itraconazole for 3 months in 1 dog). Nasal discharge improved in the short-term but recurred in all dogs 99, 118, and 110 days after frontal sinusotomy. One dog received no further treatment, 1 dog received an additional 8.5 months of oral itraconazole treatment, and 1 dog underwent 2 additional surgical debridement procedures. At last follow-up, 2 dogs were alive 311 and 481 days after frontal sinusotomy; the third dog was euthanized because of status epilepticus 223 days after frontal sinusotomy.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Sinonasal mycosis should be considered as a potential complication in dogs developing persistent mucopurulent nasal discharge, intermittent epistaxis, and intermittent sneezing following transfrontal craniotomy. The pathophysiology may be multifactorial, and potential risk factors, including use of surgical tissue adhesive in the frontal sinus, require further investigation.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.21.03.0115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,4]],"date-time":"2022-01-04T18:50:00Z","timestamp":1641322200000},"page":"643-649","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Sinonasal mycosis following transfrontal craniotomy in three dogs"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"260","author":[{"given":"Ed J.","family":"Pilkington","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, England"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"De Decker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, England"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abtin","family":"Mojarradi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IVC Evidensia Referral Hospital, Helsingborg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Rossanese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, England"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Brockman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, England"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nele","family":"Van den Steen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cave Veterinary Referrals, West Buckland, North Wellington, Somerset, England"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen D.","family":"Cahalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, England"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joe T.","family":"Fenn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, England"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"R1","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.5326\/15473317-36-1-43","article-title":"A modified bilateral transfrontal sinus approach to the canine frontal lobe and olfactory bulb: surgical technique and five cases","volume":"36","author":"Glass EN","year":"2000","unstructured":"Glass EN, Kapatkin A, Vite C, Steinberg SA. 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