{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T05:48:46Z","timestamp":1775713726745,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine (DXM) and its subsequent reversal with atipamezole (APM) on the echocardiogram and circulating concentrations of cardiac biomarkers in cats.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>ANIMALS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>14 healthy cats.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>PROCEDURES<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Cats underwent echocardiography and measurements of circulating cTn-I and NT-proBNP concentrations before (PRE) and during (INTRA) DXM sedation (40 \u00b5g\/kg IM) and 2 to 4 (2H POST) and 24 (24H POST) hours after reversal with APM.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Administering DXM significantly decreased heart rate, right ventricular and left ventricular (LV) outflow tract velocities, and M-mode\u2013derived LV free-wall thickness; increased LV end systolic diameter and volume; and caused valvar regurgitation. While sedative effects resolved within 25 minutes of APM reversal, the evolution of echocardiographic changes was mixed: LV ejection fraction and mitral valvar regurgitation score were different at 2H POST than at both INTRA and PRE (partial return toward baseline), LV end-diastolic volume was different PRE to INTRA and INTRA to 2H POST but not different PRE to 2H POST (full return toward baseline), and M-mode\u2013derived LV free-wall thickness was significantly different from PRE to INTRA and PRE to 2H POST (no return toward baseline). Serum cTn-I and plasma NT-proBNP concentrations increased significantly with DXM, which remained significant 2H POST.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Administration of DXM and APM reversal produced changes in echocardiographic results and in circulating cTn-I and NT-proBNP concentrations. Understanding these changes could help veterinarians differentiate drug effects from cardiac disease.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.21.06.0299","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]],"date-time":"2022-03-10T13:03:25Z","timestamp":1646917405000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effects of dexmedetomidine and its reversal with atipamezole on echocardiographic measurements and circulating cardiac biomarker concentrations in normal cats"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"260","author":[{"given":"Etienne","family":"C\u00f4t\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Companion Animals, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lesley A.","family":"Zwicker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Companion Animals, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erin L.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Companion Animals, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Stryhn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jenny","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"ref1","series-title":"J Vet Pharmacol Ther","first-page":"380","article-title":"Comparison of three doses of dexmedetomidine with medetomidine in cats following intramuscular administration","volume":"21","author":"Ansah OB","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ansah OB, Raekallio M, Vainio O. Comparison of three doses of dexmedetomidine with medetomidine in cats following intramuscular administration. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 1998;21(5):380\u2013387.9811439"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Small Animal Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics","first-page":"887","article-title":"Anesthetic agents","author":"Martinez EA","year":"2012","unstructured":"Martinez EA. Anesthetic agents. In: Booth DM, ed. Small Animal Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 2nd ed. Elsevier; 2012:887\u2013893."},{"issue":"4","key":"ref3","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"404","article-title":"Clinical efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine used as a preanesthetic prior to general anesthesia in cats","volume":"240","author":"McSweeney PM","year":"2012","unstructured":"McSweeney PM, Martin DD, Ramsey DS, McKusick BC. Clinical efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine used as a preanesthetic prior to general anesthesia in cats. 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