{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T08:14:18Z","timestamp":1767860058241,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To determine whether the use of a force-activated separation device (FASD) lowers the incidence risk of peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) complications in hospitalized dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>ANIMALS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>367 dogs that were hospitalized and received IV fluids between January 11 and March 25, 2021.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>PROCEDURES<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial was performed. Dogs hospitalized and receiving IV fluids for at least 24 hours were randomized to the FASD group or control group. PIVCs were placed following a standardized protocol. Dogs in the FASD group had the FASD device attached to their PIVC according to manufacturer instructions. For both groups, all PIVC complications were documented, and each complication was classified as extravasation, phlebitis, dislodgement, occlusion, or line breakage.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Results from 367 dogs (FASD group = 180, control group = 187) underwent analysis. The proportion of PIVC complications was significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .004) lower for the FASD group (8.9% [16\/180]) versus the control group (24.6% [46\/187]). Following adjustment for differences in hospitalization time, the odds of a dog in the FASD group having a PIVC complication was approximately one-third the odds of those in the control group (OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.17 to 0.63; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .001).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Results indicated that the use of a FASD in hospitalized dogs receiving IV fluids is warranted to lower the incidence of PIVC complications and may also limit patient discomfort, owner expense, and staff time devoted to managing PIVC complications. Further research investigating its use in cats and other species should be considered.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.22.03.0125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]],"date-time":"2022-07-20T12:23:07Z","timestamp":1658319787000},"page":"1657-1662","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Fewer peripheral intravenous catheter complications in hospitalized dogs when force-activated separation devices are used versus not used in a randomized controlled clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"260","author":[{"given":"Sydney E.","family":"Simpson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristin M.","family":"Zersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"ref1","series-title":"J Infus Nurs","first-page":"189","article-title":"Accepted but unacceptable: peripheral IV catheter failure","volume":"38","author":"Helm RE","year":"2015","unstructured":"Helm RE, Klausner JD, Klemperer JD, Flint LM, Huang E. Accepted but unacceptable: peripheral IV catheter failure. J Infus Nurs. 2015;38(3):189\u2013203. doi:10.1097\/NAN.000000000000010025871866"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Int J Nurs Stud","first-page":"104095","article-title":"Peripheral intravenous catheter failure: a secondary analysis of risks from 11,830 catheters","volume":"124","author":"Marsh N","year":"2021","unstructured":"Marsh N, Larsen EN, Takashima M,  Peripheral intravenous catheter failure: a secondary analysis of risks from 11,830 catheters. Int J Nurs Stud. 2021;124:104095. doi:10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2021.10409534689013"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Top Companion Anim Med","first-page":"100456","article-title":"Peripheral intravenous catheter complications in hospitalized cats: an observational pilot study","volume":"41","author":"Bush K","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bush K, Odunayo A, Hedges K, Guieu L-V, Smith R, Okafor C. Peripheral intravenous catheter complications in hospitalized cats: an observational pilot study. Top Companion Anim Med. 2020;41:100456. doi:10.1016\/j.tcam.2020.10045632823155"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref4","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"1084","article-title":"Incidence of and associated factors for bacterial colonization of intravenous catheters removed from dogs in response to clinical complications","volume":"32","author":"Guzm\u00e1n Ramos PJ","year":"2018","unstructured":"Guzm\u00e1n Ramos PJ, Perez CF, Santiago TA, Artigao MRB, Ortiz-Diez G. Incidence of and associated factors for bacterial colonization of intravenous catheters removed from dogs in response to clinical complications. 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Vet Surg. 2016;45(5):571\u2013576. doi:10.1111\/vsu.1248227195524"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/260\/13\/javma.22.03.0125.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/260\/13\/javma.22.03.0125.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/260\/13\/javma.22.03.0125.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T12:58:33Z","timestamp":1741352313000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/260\/13\/javma.22.03.0125.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.22.03.0125","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]]}}}