{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,8]],"date-time":"2025-03-08T05:24:24Z","timestamp":1741411464714,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"15","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\nOBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\nTo evaluate the analgesic efficacy of lumbosacral intrathecal administration of 2% lidocaine in goats undergoing cesarean sections (C-sections).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nANIMALS<\/jats:title>\n7 client-owned goats.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nPROCEDURES<\/jats:title>\nMedical records were retrospectively reviewed to identify records of goats undergoing C-sections between January 2020 and November 2021 with intrathecal administration of lidocaine as the primary method of analgesia. Effect of analgesia, American Society of Anesthesiologists status, quality of surgery (determined based on lack of patient movement), mean surgical time, time to stand, and anesthetic complications were recorded.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nRESULTS<\/jats:title>\nIntrathecal administration of preservative-free 2% lidocaine (1 mg\/kg) at the lumbosacral space with the use of a 20-gauge 3.5-inch (0.9 X 90-mm) spinal needle under aseptic technique achieved effective analgesia in sedated goats by time of skin incision. Adequacy of analgesia was complete (failure to respond to needle-prick of skin or skin incision) in 6 of the 7 goats and moderate in 1 goat. Quality of surgery was adequate in all goats. Mean surgical time was 96 \u00b1 20 minutes, and mean time to stand was 182 \u00b1 61 minutes from the time of intrathecal administration. Complications included ruminal tympany, hypothermia, and partial blockade in 1 goat each.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nCLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\nResults indicated that intrathecal administration of lidocaine as described in the present report provided adequate analgesia for C-sections in goats, with minimal complications, and quicker return to hindlimb motor function postoperatively than historically reported for epidurals.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.22.05.0191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]],"date-time":"2022-09-27T15:03:56Z","timestamp":1664291036000},"page":"1967-1970","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Lumbosacral intrathecal lidocaine provides adequate analgesia for cesarean sections in goats: 7 cases (2020\u20132021)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"260","author":[{"given":"George L.","family":"Elane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luisito","family":"Pablo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bethany","family":"Fackler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam H.","family":"Biedrzycki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Sheep, Goat, and Cervid Medicine","first-page":"146","article-title":"Theriogenology of sheep, goats, and cervids","author":"Edmondson MA","year":"2021","unstructured":"Edmondson MA, Shipley CF. Theriogenology of sheep, goats, and cervids. In: Pugh DG, Baird AN, Edmondson MA, Passler T, eds. Sheep, Goat, and Cervid Medicine. 3rd ed. Elsevier; 2021:146\u2013208."},{"issue":"23","key":"ref2","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"574","article-title":"Survey of the causes of dystocia in sheep","volume":"127","author":"Thomas JO","year":"1990","unstructured":"Thomas JO. Survey of the causes of dystocia in sheep. Vet Rec. 1990;127(23):574\u2013575.2288062"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref3","series-title":"Br Vet J","first-page":"558","article-title":"Ovine cesarean operations: a study of 137 field cases","volume":"145","author":"Scott PR","year":"1989","unstructured":"Scott PR. Ovine cesarean operations: a study of 137 field cases. 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