{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T03:39:57Z","timestamp":1790912397096,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To determine diagnostic accuracy of a point-of-care antibody-screening test by determining sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy when compared to reference standard tests for antibody against core vaccine viruses canine adenovirus (CAV), canine parvovirus (CPV), and canine distemper virus (CDV). A further aim was to provide the practitioner with information to guide selection of vaccinal antibody testing methods.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>SAMPLES<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Canine sera from across North America were submitted to a fee-for-service titer-testing laboratory. Samples came from healthy pet dogs with known core vaccination history (n = 431) as well as unvaccinated dogs held in isolation (132). This study examined a total of 563 samples for CDV\/CPV and 183 for CAV.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>PROCEDURES<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Serum virus neutralization assays determined antibody titers for CDV and CAV. Hemagglutination inhibition assay determined antibody titers against CPV. All sera were also tested by point-of-care dot blot ELISA (index test).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>For all 3 viral antigens, the index test provided sensitivity ranging from 96.03% to 96.75% and specificity ranging from 87.50% to 94.33%. Overall accuracy ranged from 93.43% to 95.91%.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The index test correlates well with reference standard tests and is a reliable, rapid screening test for detection of protective vaccinal antibody against CAV, CDV, and CPV in healthy dogs over 20 weeks of age. An accurate assessment of immunity allows clinicians to administer core vaccines appropriately as needed, avoiding unnecessary risk of adverse vaccine events.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.22.05.0224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,5]],"date-time":"2022-10-05T12:43:55Z","timestamp":1664973835000},"page":"1928-1933","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["A point-of-care dot blot ELISA assay for detection of protective antibody against canine adenovirus, canine parvovirus, and canine distemper virus is diagnostically accurate"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"260","author":[{"given":"Azizeh","family":"Egerer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Companion Animal Vaccines and ImmunoDiagnostic Service Laboratory, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoie","family":"Schaefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Companion Animal Vaccines and ImmunoDiagnostic Service Laboratory, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurie","family":"Larson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Companion Animal Vaccines and ImmunoDiagnostic Service Laboratory, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"ref1","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1021","article-title":"Clinical use of serum parvovirus and distemper virus antibody titers for determining revaccination strategies in healthy dogs","volume":"217","author":"Twark L","year":"2000","unstructured":"Twark L, Dodds WJ. Clinical use of serum parvovirus and distemper virus antibody titers for determining revaccination strategies in healthy dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2000;217(7):1021\u20131024. doi:10.2460\/javma.2000.217.102111019708"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref2","series-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest","first-page":"576","article-title":"Use of serologic tests to predict resistance to canine distemper virus-induced disease in vaccinated dogs","volume":"27","author":"Jensen WA","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jensen WA, Totten JS, Lappin MR, Schultz RD. Use of serologic tests to predict resistance to canine distemper virus-induced disease in vaccinated dogs. J Vet Diagn Invest. 2015;27(5):576\u2013580. doi:10.1177\/104063871560229126330396"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref3","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"27","article-title":"Long-lived immunity to canine core vaccine antigens in UK dogs as assessed by an in-practice test kit","volume":"59","author":"Killey R","year":"2018","unstructured":"Killey R, Mynors C, Pearce R, Nell A, Prentis A, Day MJ. Long-lived immunity to canine core vaccine antigens in UK dogs as assessed by an in-practice test kit. J Small Anim Pract. 2018;59(1):27\u201331. doi:10.1111\/jsap.1277529087557"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref4","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"243","article-title":"AAHA Canine Vaccination Guidelines","volume":"53","author":"Ford RB","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ford RB, Larson LJ, McClure KD, Schultz RD, Welborn LV. AAHA Canine Vaccination Guidelines. 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Age and long-term protective immunity in dogs and cats. J Comp Pathol. 2010;142(suppl 1):S102\u2013S108. doi:10.1016\/j.jcpa.2009.10.00919959181"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref13","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"37","article-title":"Maternally derived immunity to canine parvovirus infection: transfer, decline, and interference with vaccination","volume":"180","author":"Pollock RV","year":"1982","unstructured":"Pollock RV, Carmichael LE. Maternally derived immunity to canine parvovirus infection: transfer, decline, and interference with vaccination. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1982;180(1):37\u201342.7056660"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref14","series-title":"Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis","first-page":"281","article-title":"Response of pups with maternal derived antibody to modified-live canine parvovirus vaccine","volume":"15","author":"Buonavoglia C","year":"1992","unstructured":"Buonavoglia C, Tollis M, Buonavoglia D, Puccini A. 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John Wiley & Sons; 2021:191\u2013220."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/260\/15\/javma.22.05.0224.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/260\/15\/javma.22.05.0224.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/260\/15\/javma.22.05.0224.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]],"date-time":"2024-09-27T15:17:10Z","timestamp":1727450230000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/260\/15\/javma.22.05.0224.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.22.05.0224","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]}}}