{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T06:10:27Z","timestamp":1791439827407,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"14","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To determine the prevalence of <jats:italic>Anaplasma phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> infections in Pennsylvania horses.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>ANIMALS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>271 horses.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>PROCEDURES<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A survey was conducted with PCR and serology to evaluate anaplasmosis and Lyme disease infections in horses from Pennsylvania that were suspected for tick-borne infection.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:italic>A phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic> was detected in 19\/271 (7.0%) Pennsylvania horses tested by the duplex PCR. <jats:italic>B burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> was not detected in any horse blood tested by PCR. Overall, 120\/271 (44.3%) horses tested positive for presence of <jats:italic>A phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic> antibodies by at least the IDEXX SNAP 4Dx Plus lateral flow immunosorbent (SNAP) or indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) assay, with 69 (25.5%) testing positive by both SNAP and IFA; 43 (15.9%) tested positive by IFA only, and 8 (3.0%) tested positive by SNAP only. Similarly, 209\/271 (77.1%) horses tested positive for the presence of <jats:italic>B burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> antibodies by at least 1 test, with 139 (51.3%) testing positive by both SNAP and IFA; 45 (16.6%) tested positive by SNAP only, and 25 (9.2%) tested positive by IFA.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Both <jats:italic>A phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>B burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> are important tick-borne infections. The study provides prevalence data for both <jats:italic>A phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>B burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> and compares test performance. For serologic detection, IFA detected antibodies to <jats:italic>A phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic> in a higher proportion (41.3%) of horses compared to SNAP (28.4%), while SNAP detected antibodies to <jats:italic>B burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> in a higher proportion (67.9%) of horses compared to IFA (60.5%). Both diseases showed a high seroprevalence in all areas surveyed.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.22.06.0232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]],"date-time":"2022-09-12T12:22:47Z","timestamp":1662985367000},"page":"1834-1838","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi infection in horses from Pennsylvania (2017\u20132019) using antibody and organism-based detection"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"260","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Thompson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pennsylvania Veterinary Laboratory, Bureau of Animal Health and Diagnostic Services, Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, Harrisburg, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nagaraja R.","family":"Thirumalapura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pennsylvania Veterinary Laboratory, Bureau of Animal Health and Diagnostic Services, Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, Harrisburg, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepanker","family":"Tewari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pennsylvania Veterinary Laboratory, Bureau of Animal Health and Diagnostic Services, Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, Harrisburg, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"CDC","article-title":"Pennsylvania: vector-borne diseases profile (2004\u20132018)","unstructured":"Pennsylvania: vector-borne diseases profile (2004\u20132018). 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