{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T17:43:27Z","timestamp":1793382207481,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Leptospirosis is a quintessential one health disease of humans and animals caused by pathogenic spirochetes of the genus\n                    <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Intra- and interspecies transmission is dependent on 1) reservoir host animals in which organisms replicate and are shed in urine over long periods of time, 2) the persistence of spirochetes in the environment, and 3) subsequent human-animal-environmental interactions. The combination of increased flooding events due to climate change, changes in human-animal-environmental interactions as a result of the pandemic that favor a rise in the incidence of leptospirosis, and under-recognition of leptospirosis because of nonspecific clinical signs and severe signs that resemble COVID-19 represents a \u201cperfect storm\u201d for resurgence of leptospirosis in people and domestic animals. Although often considered a disease that occurs in warm, humid climates with high annual rainfall, pathogenic\n                    <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp have recently been associated with disease in animals and humans that reside in semiarid regions like the southwestern US and have impacted humans that have a wide spectrum of socioeconomic backgrounds. Therefore, it is critical that physicians, veterinarians, and public health experts maintain a high index of suspicion for the disease regardless of geographic and socioeconomic circumstances and work together to understand outbreaks and implement appropriate control measures. Over the last decade, major strides have been made in our understanding of the disease because of improvements in diagnostic tests, molecular epidemiologic tools, educational efforts on preventive measures, and vaccines. These novel approaches are highlighted in the companion Currents in One Health by Sykes et al,\n                    <jats:italic>AJVR<\/jats:italic>\n                    , September 2022.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.22.06.0258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]],"date-time":"2022-07-25T11:34:06Z","timestamp":1658748846000},"page":"1589-1596","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["A global one health perspective on leptospirosis in humans and animals"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"260","author":[{"given":"Jane E.","family":"Sykes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Haake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA"},{"name":"David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chandika D.","family":"Gamage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. Zach","family":"Mills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"352nd Civil Affairs Command, Fort Meade, MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jarlath E.","family":"Nally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Animal Disease Center, Agriculture Research Service, USDA, Ames, IA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-45059-8_5","article-title":"Leptospirosis in humans","volume":"387","author":"Haake DA","year":"2015","unstructured":"Haake DA, Levett PN. Leptospirosis in humans. 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