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Prior to gastroscopy and blood collection, horses performed a 4,600-m standardized exercise test on the racetrack as a stressor.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Three months of supplementation with LC-PUFAs increased RBC levels of GLA, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA), arachidonic acid (AA), EPA, and DHA, and reduced severe ulcer prevalence (38% UNSUPP vs 8% LC-PUFA with a severe ulcer score of grade 3 to 4). Short-chain PUFA supplementation did not effectively elevate RBC GLA, DGLA, AA, EPA, or DHA and severe ulcer incidence was not different (38% UNSUPP vs 23% SC-PUFA with a severe ulcer score of grade 3 to 4). Lower levels of RBC GLA, DGLA, AA, and EPA correlated with severe squamous gastric ulceration (grade 3 to 4).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Equine gastric ulcer syndrome is prevalent in high-performance horses and is a concern to owners and trainers. Long-chain PUFA supplementation increased levels of GLA, DGLA, AA, EPA, and DHA, unlike SC-PUFA supplementation, and was associated positively with prevention or resolution of severe squamous gastric ulceration. Further studies are needed to evaluate different management styles and exercise intensities.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.22.06.0275","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]],"date-time":"2022-10-20T18:54:19Z","timestamp":1666292059000},"page":"S121-S128","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation increases levels in red blood cells and reduces the prevalence and severity of squamous gastric ulcers in exercised Thoroughbreds"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"260","author":[{"given":"Joe D.","family":"Pagan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kentucky Equine Research, Versailles, KY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashlee A.","family":"Hauss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kentucky Equine Research, Versailles, KY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth C.","family":"Pagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kentucky Equine Research, Versailles, KY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica L.","family":"Simons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kentucky Equine Research, Versailles, KY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bryan M.","family":"Waldridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"B1","series-title":"J Clin Lipidol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2013.05.001","article-title":"Comparative effects of an acute dose of fish oil on omega-3 fatty acid levels in red blood cells versus plasma: implications for clinical utility","volume":"7","author":"Harris WS","year":"2013","unstructured":"Harris WS, Varvel SA, Pottala JV, Warnick GR, McConnell JP. 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