{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:08:45Z","timestamp":1790208525522,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To describe the clinical findings and outcomes of Australian cats and dogs with CNS cryptococcosis.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>ANIMALS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>19 cats and 31 dogs with CNS cryptococcosis diagnosed between 2000 and 2020.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>PROCEDURES<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A case series and cohort study were performed using the same 50 animals. Both studies were multi-institutional and both retrospective and prospective. Disease features were compared between cats and dogs, and associations between putative risk factors and survival time (ST) were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Dogs were younger at initial presentation than cats and had lower latex cryptococcal antigen agglutination titers. Extraneurologic signs were common and frequently involved sinonasal and contiguous tissues. Neuroanatomic localization was predominantly forebrain, central vestibular (including cerebellum), multifocal, or diffuse. CSF analysis predominantly showed pleocytosis, with eosinophilic inflammation common in dogs. Seventy-eight percent (39\/50) of patients received antifungal treatment. Median STs (from presentation) in treated patients were 1,678 days for cats and 679 days for dogs. Abnormal mentation at presentation (in dogs) and CSF collection (in cats) were associated with shorter STs. In treated dogs, those that received glucocorticoids prior to diagnosis, or single rather than multiple antifungal agents, had shorter STs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The prognosis for feline and canine CNS cryptococcosis is guarded, yet long STs are possible with appropriate treatment. Presence of subtle upper respiratory tract signs may suggest cryptococcosis in patients with neurologic signs, while the absence of neurologic signs does not preclude CNS involvement.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.22.08.0342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]],"date-time":"2022-11-25T15:19:41Z","timestamp":1669389581000},"page":"246-257","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Clinical features, outcomes, and long-term survival times of cats and dogs with central nervous system cryptococcosis in Australia: 50 cases (2000\u20132020)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"261","author":[{"given":"Else","family":"Jacobson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Veterinary Specialist Services, Underwood, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John M.","family":"Morton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jemora Pty Ltd, East Geelong, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis J.","family":"Woerde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Animal Referral Hospital, Homebush West, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary F.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, The Animal Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda M.","family":"Spillane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Queensland Veterinary Specialists, Stafford, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Tebb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Western Australian Veterinary Emergency and Specialty, Success, WA, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoe","family":"della Valle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Melbourne Veterinary Specialist Centre, Glen Waverley, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gemma","family":"Birnie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Brisbane Veterinary Specialist Centre, Albany Creek, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Veterinary Education, Veterinary Science Conference Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"ref1","series-title":"Med Mycol","first-page":"625","article-title":"Cryptococcosis in domestic animals in Western Australia: a retrospective study from 1995\u20132006","volume":"47","author":"McGill S","year":"2009","unstructured":"McGill S, Malik R, Saul N,  Cryptococcosis in domestic animals in Western Australia: a retrospective study from 1995\u20132006. 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