{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T13:09:30Z","timestamp":1789391370693,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To evaluate the short- and long-term outcomes of dogs undergoing surgical ligation for a left-to-right shunting patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), identify risk factors for intraoperative hemorrhage and intra- and postoperative complications, and report overall mortality rates.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>ANIMALS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>417 client-owned dogs undergoing surgical ligation for a left-to-right shunting PDA between January 2010 and January 2020.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>PROCEDURES<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Data recorded included patient signalment, echocardiogram findings, intraoperative complications and mortality, postoperative complications, and short- and long-term outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>There was no association between age and risk of intraoperative hemorrhage (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .7), weight and intraoperative hemorrhage (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .96), or increasing left atrium-to-aortic (LA:Ao) ratio and intraoperative hemorrhage (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .08). Intraoperative hemorrhage occurred in 10.8% of patients. Intraoperative mortality was 2%. Ninety-five percent of dogs experiencing intraoperative hemorrhage survived to discharge. Survival to discharge was 97%. One- and 5-year survival rates were 96.4% and 87%, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Surgical ligation for a left-to-right shunting PDA is recommended due to the good long-term prognosis. Certain preoperative factors such as age, weight, and the presence and degree of mitral valve regurgitation had no detectable association with risks of intraoperative hemorrhage and, therefore, should not preclude surgical treatment for a left-to-right shunting PDA. Future studies are needed to further assess the association between increasing LA:Ao ratio and risk of intraoperative hemorrhage.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.22.12.0541","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,28]],"date-time":"2023-03-28T17:42:20Z","timestamp":1680025340000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Risk factors for intraoperative hemorrhage and perioperative complications and short- and long-term outcomes during surgical patent ductus arteriosus ligation in 417 dogs"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"261","author":[{"given":"Kaitlyn L.","family":"McNamara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Penny J.","family":"Regier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darby","family":"Toth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Mickelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jill","family":"Luther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Connor","family":"Pyne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mandy","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlee","family":"Sturkie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Dugat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Marvel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Sumner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Val","family":"Scharf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jory","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James C.","family":"Colee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistical Consulting Unit, Institute of Farm and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"ref1","series-title":"Compend Contin Educ Vet","first-page":"E3","article-title":"Patent ductus arteriosus in dogs","volume":"32","author":"Broaddus K","year":"2010","unstructured":"Broaddus K, Tillson M. 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