{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T15:11:30Z","timestamp":1787497890270,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objectives<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014To evaluate clinical, laboratory, and necropsy findings in dogs with infective endocarditis (IE).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Retrospective case series.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u201471 dogs with possible or definite IE.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Medical records were reviewed for signalment, clinical features, and results of clinicopathologic testing and diagnostic imaging. Yearly incidence and the effect of variables on survival were determined by use of survival curve analysis.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014The overall incidence of IE was 0.05%. Most affected dogs were of large breeds, and &gt; 75% were older than 5 years. The aortic valve was affected in 36 of the 71 (51%) dogs, and the mitral valve was affected in 59%. Lameness caused by immune-mediated polyarthritis, septic arthritis, or peripheral arterial thromboembolism was observed in 53% of the dogs. Neurologic complications were diagnosed in 17 of 71 (24%) dogs. Thromboembolic disease was suspected in 31 of 71 (44%) of dogs. The mortality rate associated with IE was 56%, and median survival time was 54 days. Factors negatively associated with survival included thrombocytopenia, high serum creatinine concentration, renal complications, and thromboembolic complications.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014A diagnosis of IE should be suspected in dogs with fever, systolic or diastolic murmur, and locomotor problems. Dogs with thrombocytopenia, high serum creatinine concentration, thromboembolism, or renal complications may have a shorter survival time.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.228.11.1735","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]],"date-time":"2006-06-01T15:53:23Z","timestamp":1149177203000},"page":"1735-1747","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Clinicopathologic findings and outcome in dogs with infective endocarditis: 71 cases (1992\u20132005)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"228","author":[{"given":"Jane E.","family":"Sykes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark D.","family":"Kittleson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno B.","family":"Chomel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin A.","family":"MacDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia A.","family":"Pesavento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Mandell, Douglas and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases","first-page":"857","article-title":"Endocarditis and intravascular infections","author":"Bayer","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"149","article-title":"Vegetative endocarditis in dogs","volume":"20","author":"Anderson","year":"1984"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1080","article-title":"Valvular bacterial endocarditis in the dog","volume":"180","author":"Calvert","year":"1982"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"420","article-title":"Clinical and echocardiographic findings in 10 dogs with vegetative bacterial endocarditis","volume":"34","author":"Elwood","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"56","article-title":"A prospective study of canine infective endocarditis in northern California (1999\u20132001): emergence of Bartonella as a prevalent etiologic agent","volume":"18","author":"MacDonald","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"570","article-title":"Endocarditis of the aortic valve in the dog","volume":"184","author":"Sisson","year":"1984"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"278","article-title":"Acute vegetative endocarditis in the dog and cat","volume":"129","author":"Meier","year":"1956"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"325","article-title":"Vegetative bacterial endocarditis in dogs; 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