{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,28]],"date-time":"2025-12-28T06:17:10Z","timestamp":1766902630845,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To describe the prevalence of West Nile virus (WNV) infection and evaluate factors associated with positive IgM capture ELISA results in equids with clinical signs compatible with WNV infection.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Retrospective case series.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Sample Population<\/jats:bold>\u2014Laboratory submission forms from 1,104 equids tested for WNV in Colorado in 2003.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Submission forms accompanying samples submitted for detection of WNV via IgM capture ELISA were obtained from the Colorado state veterinarian and diagnostic laboratories performing the tests. Data on signalment, clinical signs, history of vaccination against WNV, and assay results were collected from laboratory submission forms. Equids with clinical signs compatible with WNV infection in which IgM capture ELISA results were positive were considered as case equids.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u20141,104 equids were tested for WNV; 1,017 (92.1%) had clinical signs compatible with WNV infection. Among equids with clinical signs compatible with WNV infection, the odds of testing positive for WNV via IgM capture ELISA were lower in males and in vaccinated equids and higher in equids with moderate and severe illness, compared with females, unvaccinated equids, and equids with mild illness.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Among equids with clinical signs compatible with WNV infection, vaccination against WNV, severity of clinical signs, duration of illness, and region in Colorado were associated with increased risk of having a positive IgM capture ELISA result.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.228.3.414","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,31]],"date-time":"2006-01-31T22:18:09Z","timestamp":1138745889000},"page":"414-421","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Evaluation of factors associated with positive IgM capture ELISA results in equids with clinical signs compatible with West Nile virus infection: 1,017 cases (2003)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"228","author":[{"given":"Jennifer M.","family":"Tanner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Josie L.","family":"Traub-Dargatz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashley E.","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hana","family":"Van Campen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony P.","family":"Knight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wayne E.","family":"Cunningham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. D.","family":"Salman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1084","article-title":"Evaluation of an outbreak of West Nile virus infection in horses: 569 cases (2002)","volume":"225","author":"Schuler","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"267","article-title":"Outcomes of equids with clinical signs of West Nile virus infection and factors associated with death","volume":"225","author":"Salazar","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"380","article-title":"Experimental infection of horses with West Nile Virus","volume":"8","author":"Bunning","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest","first-page":"2","article-title":"Diagnosis of West Nile virus infection in horses","volume":"16","author":"Kleiboeker","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"48th Annu Meet Am Assoc Equine Pract","first-page":"1","article-title":"Equine West Nile encephalitis: epidemiological and clinical review for practitioners, in Proceedings","author":"Long","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Dev Biol (Basel)","first-page":"221","article-title":"Equine vaccine for West Nile virus","volume":"114","author":"Ng","year":"2003"},{"article-title":"USDA","year":"2003","series-title":"2003 equine WNV outlook for the United States. #N399.0603","key":"ref7"},{"article-title":"USDA","year":"2001","series-title":"West Nile Virus in equids in the northeastern United States in 2000","key":"ref8"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"665","article-title":"Equine West Nile encephalitis, United States","volume":"7","author":"Ostlund","year":"2001"},{"series-title":"Horses and ponies\u2014inventory and number sold: 2002 and 1997. Table 15","key":"ref10","article-title":"National Agricultural Statistics Service Web site. 2002 census of agriculture"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1241","article-title":"West Nile Virus encephalomyelitis in horses: 46 cases (2001)","volume":"222","author":"Porter","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"84","article-title":"Investigation of an outbreak of encephalomyelitis caused by West Nile virus in 136 horses","volume":"225","author":"Ward","year":"2004"},{"article-title":"USDA","year":"1998","series-title":"Part 1: baseline reference of 1998 equine health and management. #N280.898","key":"ref13"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"240","article-title":"Immunological responses to West Nile virus in vaccinated and clinically affected horses","volume":"226","author":"Davidson","year":"2005"},{"series-title":"Mosquito-borne virus testing results for Colorado, 2003","key":"ref15","article-title":"Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Immunology","first-page":"1","article-title":"Overview of the immune system","author":"Goldsby","year":"2003"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/228\/3\/javma.228.3.414.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/228\/3\/javma.228.3.414.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/228\/3\/javma.228.3.414.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T13:57:10Z","timestamp":1741355830000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/228\/3\/javma.228.3.414.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,1]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.228.3.414","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0003-1488"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,1]]}}}