{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T05:08:12Z","timestamp":1792040892963,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To evaluate patterns of antimicrobial use and the impact of antimicrobial use guidelines at a small animal veterinary teaching hospital.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Retrospective study.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Sample Population<\/jats:bold>\u2014All antimicrobial prescriptions for dogs and cats admitted to the hospital in 1995 through 2004.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Pharmacy records were reviewed, and antimicrobial prescriptions for all dogs and cats admitted during the study period were recorded. Amounts of individual drugs dispensed directly to the intensive care and surgical units were determined. Changes in antimicrobial use during the study period were assessed; changes in antimicrobial use patterns in 2000 through 2004 were evaluated to assess the impact of implementation of antimicrobial use guidelines in 2001.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014There was a significant decrease in prescriptions\/1,000 admissions during the study period. From 1995 to 2004, the use of first-generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, penicillins, and trimethoprim-sulfonamides decreased, whereas the use of metronidazole increased. The use of first-generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and penicillins decreased from 2000 to 2004. First-line drugs accounted for 90.7% of prescriptions during the study period. The use of third-line drugs decreased from 2000 to 2004.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Characterization of antimicrobial use is an important step in defining and evaluating the prudent use of antimicrobials. Whereas the true effect of antimicrobial use guidelines is unclear, these results suggest that the guidelines may have had an effect on antimicrobial prescription patterns in this small animal veterinary teaching hospital. Analysis of objective data regarding antimicrobial use and changes in antimicrobial use patterns over time is important in veterinary practices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.228.4.553","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,14]],"date-time":"2006-02-14T22:47:31Z","timestamp":1139957251000},"page":"553-558","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["Investigation of antimicrobial use and the impact of antimicrobial use guidelines in a small animal veterinary teaching hospital: 1995\u20132004"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"228","author":[{"given":"J. Scott","family":"Weese","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Am J Health Syst Pharm","first-page":"732","article-title":"Results of an antimicrobial control program at a university hospital","volume":"62","author":"Martin","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Chest","first-page":"405S","article-title":"Implementation of strategies to control antimicrobial resistance","volume":"119","author":"Murthy","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"757","article-title":"Excessive antibiotic use for acute respiratory infections in the United States","volume":"33","author":"Gonzales","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"180","article-title":"A hospitalwide intervention program to optimize the quality of antibiotic use: impact on prescribing practice, antibiotic consumption, cost savings and bacterial 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hospital","volume":"17","author":"Weese","year":"2003"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical 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