{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T18:49:18Z","timestamp":1790362158124,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To isolate and speciate <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> DNA from fecal samples obtained from dairy cattle in New York State and identify factors associated with whether cattle were shedding <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium parvum<\/jats:italic> versus <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium bovis<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Sample Population<\/jats:bold>\u2014115 fecal samples positive for DNA coding for the <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> 18S rRNA gene from dairy cattle in New York State.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014A PCR assay was used to amplify DNA from fecal samples; amplification products were submitted for bidirectional DNA sequencing. Logistic regression was used to test for associations between various host factors and <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> spp.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u201470 of the 115 (61%) fecal samples were found to have <jats:italic>C parvum<\/jats:italic> DNA, 42 (37%) were determined to have <jats:italic>C bovis<\/jats:italic> DNA, and 3 (3%) were found to have <jats:italic>C parvum<\/jats:italic> deer-type DNA. The presence of diarrhea at the time of fecal sample collection, oocyst count, and breed were associated with whether cattle were infected with <jats:italic>C parvum<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>C bovis<\/jats:italic>, with animals more likely to be infected with <jats:italic>C parvum<\/jats:italic> if they had diarrhea, had a high oocyst count, or were Holsteins.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Results suggest that <jats:italic>C parvum<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C bovis<\/jats:italic> can be isolated from dairy cattle in New York State and that various factors affect whether cattle infected with <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> spp are infected with <jats:italic>C parvum<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>C bovis<\/jats:italic>. Findings also lend credence to the theory that <jats:italic>C bovis<\/jats:italic> may be more host adapted and thus less pathogenic to dairy cattle than <jats:italic>C parvum<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.229.10.1623","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,16]],"date-time":"2006-11-16T01:41:23Z","timestamp":1163641283000},"page":"1623-1626","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Factors associated with shedding of Cryptosporidium parvum versus Cryptosporidium bovis among dairy cattle in New York State"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"229","author":[{"given":"Simon R.","family":"Starkey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter E.","family":"Zeigler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan E.","family":"Wade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie L.","family":"Schaaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hussni O.","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"J Parasitol","first-page":"624","article-title":"Cryptosporidium bovis n sp (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) in cattle (Bos taurus)","volume":"91","author":"Fayer","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Int J Parasitol","first-page":"1773","article-title":"Host adaptation and host-parasite co-evolution in Cryptosporidium: implications for taxonomy and public health","volume":"32","author":"Xiao","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Vet Parasitol","first-page":"103","article-title":"Prevalence and age related variation of Cryptosporidium species and genotypes in dairy calves","volume":"122","author":"Santin","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Vet Parasitol","first-page":"105","article-title":"Prevalence of species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium found in 1\u20132-year-old dairy cattle in the eastern United States","volume":"135","author":"Fayer","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Vet Parasitol","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevalence of Giardia sp, Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium muris (C andersoni) in 109 dairy herds in five counties of southeastern New York","volume":"93","author":"Wade","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Vet Parasitol","first-page":"197","article-title":"Incidence of Cryptosporidium parvum in the dairy cattle population in a New York City watershed","volume":"131","author":"Starkey","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"J Dairy Sci","article-title":"Risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium infection on dairy farms in a New York State watershed","author":"Starkey","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"1443","article-title":"Direct isolation of DNA from patient stools for polymerase chain reaction detection of Cryptosporidium parvum","volume":"177","author":"Zhu","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Brief Bioinform","first-page":"150","article-title":"MEGA3: integrated software for molecular evolutionary genetics analysis and sequence alignment","volume":"5","author":"Kumar","year":"2004"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/229\/10\/javma.229.10.1623.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/229\/10\/javma.229.10.1623.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/229\/10\/javma.229.10.1623.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T13:54:48Z","timestamp":1741355688000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/229\/10\/javma.229.10.1623.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,15]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.229.10.1623","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,15]]}}}