{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,8]],"date-time":"2025-03-08T05:25:05Z","timestamp":1741411505718,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Case Description<\/jats:bold>\u2014A 3-year-old female squirrel monkey (<jats:italic>Saimiri sciureus sciureus<\/jats:italic>) was examined because of sudden onset of lethargy and fever.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical Findings<\/jats:bold>\u2014On initial examination, the monkey was weak and febrile and had petechiae on both thoracic limbs. Following collection, blood samples were slow to clot. During the next week, the monkey developed anemia and thrombocytopenia; <jats:italic>Francisella tularensis<\/jats:italic> was isolated from blood samples.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Treatment and Outcome<\/jats:bold>\u2014Treatment with gentamicin resulted in the monkey's gradual return to health, but inguinal lymphadenopathy developed after drug administration was discontinued. <jats:italic>Francisella tularensis<\/jats:italic> was isolated from a fine-needle aspirate of an enlarged lymph node. Treatment with streptomycin resulted in resolution of infection. By use of biochemical and molecular tests, the microbial isolate was characterized as <jats:italic>F tularensis<\/jats:italic> subsp <jats:italic>holarctica<\/jats:italic>. Results of a microagglutination assay confirmed that the monkey had developed serum antibodies against <jats:italic>F tularensis<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014With timely diagnosis, treatment of tularemia in the squirrel monkey was successful. <jats:italic>Francisella tularensis<\/jats:italic> is the cause of a highly infectious zoonotic disease, and infection with this microorganism is enzootic in wildlife throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Tularemia should be considered in the differential diagnosis of febrile disease in animals of any species. Even limited or indirect exposure of humans or other animals to outdoor environments in which reservoir hosts and arthropod vectors are present can lead to transmission of <jats:italic>F tularensis. Francisella tularensis<\/jats:italic> is a class A agent of bioterrorism, and all cases of tularemia (regardless of species) should be reported to public health officials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.229.2.269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,15]],"date-time":"2006-07-15T20:32:17Z","timestamp":1152995537000},"page":"269-273","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Tularemia as a cause of fever in a squirrel monkey"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"229","author":[{"given":"Catherine S.","family":"Beckwith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Principles and practice of infectious diseases","first-page":"2674","article-title":"Francisella tularensis (Tularemia)","author":"Penn","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"419","article-title":"Laboratory analysis of tularemia in wild-trapped, 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seroprevalence and occupational risk","volume":"9","author":"Feldman","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep","first-page":"1","article-title":"Summary of notifiable diseases\u2014United States, 2002","volume":"51","author":"Groseclose","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"1835","article-title":"Francisella tularensis in the United States","volume":"11","author":"Farlow","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Euro Surveill","first-page":"E9","article-title":"Bichat guidelines for the clinical management of tularaemia and bioterrorism-related tularaemia","volume":"9","author":"Bossi","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Lab Anim Care","first-page":"1149","article-title":"Tularemia in a pet squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus)","volume":"20","author":"Emmons","year":"1970"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Lab Anim Sci","first-page":"491","article-title":"Tularemia (Francisella tularensis) in a squirrel 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zoological park","volume":"24","author":"Calle","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"962","article-title":"Tularemia in a group of nonhuman primates","volume":"175","author":"Nayar","year":"1979"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"1601","article-title":"An outbreak of primary pneumonic tularemia on Martha's Vineyard","volume":"345","author":"Feldman","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"Vet Res","first-page":"455","article-title":"Tularemia: emergence\/re-emergence","volume":"36","author":"Petersen","year":"2005"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical 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