{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T05:36:18Z","timestamp":1773293778775,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Case Description<\/jats:bold>\u2014A dog was referred for treatment after ingestion of quick-dissolve chlorine granules intended for use in a swimming pool.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical Findings<\/jats:bold>\u2014At evaluation 18 hours after ingestion of the granules, the dog had tachypnea, signs of depression, approximately 5% dehydration, oral mucositis, and a productive cough. Increased respiratory tract sounds and wheezes were ausculted in all lung fields. Complete blood count revealed erythrocytosis and lymphopenia. Serum biochemical analyses revealed mildly high activities of hepatic enzymes and creatine kinase. Arterial blood gas concentrations were consistent with hypoxemia and hyperventilation. Thoracic radiography revealed widespread pulmonary alveolar infiltrates predominantly affecting the ventral portions of both lungs, consistent with noncardiogenic pulmonary edema secondary to aspiration of the granulated chlorine.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Treatment and Outcome<\/jats:bold>\u2014Initial treatment included IV administration of an electrolyte solution with supplemental KCl, ranitidine, furosemide, cefotaxime, buprenorphine, and supplemental oxygen. Subsequent treatment included administration of meloxicam and an endoscopically placed percutaneous gastrostomy tube. Endoscopic examination revealed esophagitis and mild gastritis; therefore, metoclopramide and sucralfate were also administered. Fifteen days later, the gastrostomy tube was removed prior to discharge; endoscopic examination revealed grossly normal esophageal and gastric mucosa, and thoracic radiography revealed complete resolution of the lung lesions.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Although ingestion of granulated chlorine is rare in veterinary patients, the resulting disease processes are common and can be treated successfully.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.229.8.1266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,18]],"date-time":"2006-10-18T07:10:13Z","timestamp":1161155413000},"page":"1266-1269","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Toxicosis associated with ingestion of quick-dissolve granulated chlorine in a dog"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"229","author":[{"given":"Aaron S.","family":"Hofmeister","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johanna C.","family":"Heseltine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claire R.","family":"Sharp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Clinical toxicology of commercial products","first-page":"202","article-title":"Therapeutics index: hypochlorite","author":"Gosselin","year":"1984"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Clinical toxicology","first-page":"753","article-title":"Antiseptics, disinfectants, and sterilizing agents: hypochlorite","author":"Ford","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Clinical toxicology","first-page":"1032","article-title":"Household cleaning products","author":"Ford","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Handbook of small animal toxicology and poisonings","first-page":"113","article-title":"Toxic drugs and chemicals: bleaches","author":"Gfeller","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Small animal toxicology","first-page":"233","article-title":"Miscellaneous indoor toxins: bleaches","author":"Oehme","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"SIRI MSDS index. Arch Chemicals Inc.\u2013HTH dry chlorine granular\u20136810\u201300\u2013255\u20130471"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Clinical veterinary toxicology","first-page":"55","article-title":"Specific poisons: bleach","author":"Lorgue","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Veterinary clinical toxicology","first-page":"194","article-title":"Detergents, bleaches, antiseptics, and disinfectants: bleaches","author":"Parton","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"J S Afr Vet Assoc","first-page":"140","article-title":"Lithium toxicity in two dogs","volume":"62","author":"Davies","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"522","article-title":"Chlorine poisoning of a dog","volume":"89","author":"Blythman","year":"1971"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet","first-page":"333","article-title":"Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema","volume":"16","author":"Drobatz","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Kirk's current veterinary therapy XII: small animal practice","first-page":"810","article-title":"Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema","author":"Drobatz","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Toxicology","first-page":"47","article-title":"Therapy and management of toxicoses","author":"Osweiler","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Small Anim Exotics North Am Vet Conf","first-page":"364","article-title":"Drug therapy of upper GI diseases, in Proceedings","author":"Leib","year":"2005"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/229\/8\/javma.229.8.1266.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/229\/8\/javma.229.8.1266.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/229\/8\/javma.229.8.1266.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T13:55:11Z","timestamp":1741355711000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/229\/8\/javma.229.8.1266.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,15]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.229.8.1266","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,15]]}}}