{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T09:28:45Z","timestamp":1758274125001,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":5,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To raise veterinary awareness of a newly recognized parasitic threat to canine and human health, highlight the increasing availability of molecular parasitological diagnostics and the need to implement best practices of cestocidal use in high-risk dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>ANIMAL<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A young Boxer dog with vomiting and bloody diarrhea, suspected diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CLINICAL PRESENTATION, PROGRESSION, AND PROCEDURES<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Bloodwork revealed inflammation, dehydration, and protein loss, addressed with supportive therapy. Fecal culture revealed only <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>. On centrifugal flotation, tapeworm eggs (which could be <jats:italic>Taenia<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>Echinococcus<\/jats:italic> spp) and, unusually, adult cestodes of <jats:italic>Echinococcus<\/jats:italic> were observed. The referring veterinarian was contacted to initiate immediate treatment with a cestocide due to zoonotic potential. Diagnosis was confirmed with a coproPCR which has higher sensitivity for <jats:italic>Echinococcus<\/jats:italic> spp than fecal flotation alone. DNA was identical to an introduced European strain of <jats:italic>E multilocularis<\/jats:italic> currently emerging in dogs, people, and wildlife. Since dogs can also self-infect and develop hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (severe and often fatal), this was ruled out using serology and abdominal ultrasound.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>TREATMENT AND OUTCOME<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Following cestocidal treatment, fecal flotation and coproPCR were negative for eggs and DNA of <jats:italic>E multilocularis<\/jats:italic>; however, coccidia were detected and diarrhea resolved following treatment with sulfa-based antibiotics.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This dog was serendipitously diagnosed with <jats:italic>E multilocularis,<\/jats:italic> acquired through ingestion of a rodent intermediate host likely infected from foxes and coyotes. Therefore, as a dog at high risk of reexposure from eating rodents, regular (ideally monthly) treatment with a labeled cestocide is indicated going forward.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.23.02.0099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,13]],"date-time":"2023-05-13T00:36:57Z","timestamp":1683938217000},"page":"1-3","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Intestinal infection with Echinococcus multilocularis in a dog"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"261","author":[{"given":"Emily J.","family":"Jenkins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Temitope U.","family":"Kolapo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria P.","family":"Jarque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Ruschkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oyen Veterinary Services, Oyen, AB, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Frey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Parasitology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"ref1","series-title":"Parasitol Int","first-page":"384","article-title":"Geographic pattern of genetic variation in the fox tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis","volume":"58","author":"Nakao M","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nakao M, Xiao N, Okamoto M, Yanagida T, Sako Y, Ito A. Geographic pattern of genetic variation in the fox tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis. Parasitol Int. 2009;58(4):384-389. doi:10.1016\/j.parint.2009.07.010"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis","first-page":"1","article-title":"Canine alveolar echinococcosis: an emerging and costly introduced problem in North America","volume":"2023","author":"Kolapo T","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kolapo T, Hay A, Gesy K,  Canine alveolar echinococcosis: an emerging and costly introduced problem in North America. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2023;2023:1-10. doi:10.1155\/2023\/5224160"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref3","series-title":"Parasit Vectors","first-page":"422","article-title":"Dogs as victims of their own worms: serodiagnosis of canine alveolar echinococcosis","volume":"10","author":"Frey CF","year":"2017","unstructured":"Frey CF, Marreros N, Renneker S,  Dogs as victims of their own worms: serodiagnosis of canine alveolar echinococcosis. Parasit Vectors. 2017;10(1):422 doi:10.1186\/s13071-017-2369-0"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref4","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1041","article-title":"Intestinal echinococcosis in a dog from Missouri","volume":"256","author":"Kuroki K","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kuroki K, Morishima Y, Neil J, Beerntsen BT, Matsumoto J, Stich RW. Intestinal echinococcosis in a dog from Missouri. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2020;256(9):1041-1046. doi:10.2460\/javma.256.9.1041"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref5","series-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest","first-page":"742","article-title":"Alveolar echinococcosis in a dog in the eastern United States","volume":"32","author":"Zajac A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zajac A, Fairman D, McGee E,  Alveolar echinococcosis in a dog in the eastern United States. J Vet Diagn Invest. 2020;32(5):742-746. doi:10.1177\/1040638720943842"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/261\/9\/javma.23.02.0099.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/261\/9\/javma.23.02.0099.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/261\/9\/javma.23.02.0099.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T13:01:10Z","timestamp":1741352470000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/261\/9\/javma.23.02.0099.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]]},"references-count":5,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.23.02.0099","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0003-1488"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]]}}}