{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T09:33:20Z","timestamp":1791279200630,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\nOBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\nTo describe the clinical features, treatment, and outcomes of wild freshwater turtles with fishing hook injuries.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nANIMALS<\/jats:title>\n126 wild turtles residing in central North Carolina that were presented to a wildlife rescue clinic.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nMETHODS<\/jats:title>\nMedical records from July 1997 to July 2022 were reviewed, and data were collected and analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nRESULTS<\/jats:title>\nThe most common species presenting for a fishhook injury was the yellow-bellied slider (Trachemys scripta scripta<\/jats:italic>) (n = 69\/126 [54.8%]; 95% CI, 45.7 to 63.6). The most common location identified was the oral cavity (n = 77\/140 [55%]; 95% CI, 46.4 to 63.4) and the most common removal method was retrograde removal after cutting the barb off of the hook (76\/120 [63.3%]; 95% CI, 54.1 to 71.9). Fishhooks embedded in the esophagus had a significantly higher chance of complications affecting recovery (OR estimate, 3.49; 95% CI, 1.07 to 11.38). There was no significant increase in mortality associated with the location of the injury; however, there was a significant increase in mortality in patients that experienced complications (P<\/jats:italic> < 0.001). The time in care ranged from 1 to 150 days (median, 16 days). Of the turtles evaluated, 10.8% (n = 12\/111; 95% CI, 5.7 to 18.1) were euthanized or died after treatment and 89.2% (99\/111; 95% CI, 81.9 to 94.3) were released.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nCLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\nThese findings describe various successful techniques to remove fishhooks from turtles. While no superior treatment was identified, considerations should be taken to provide patient comfort, decrease injury-associated complications, and shorten recovery time by using minimally invasive techniques. Overall, freshwater turtles with fishhook injuries have a high release rate even when the injuries are severe.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.23.03.0146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]],"date-time":"2023-08-04T16:25:18Z","timestamp":1691166318000},"page":"1829-1837","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The clinical features and treatment of fishhook injuries in freshwater turtles: 126 cases from 1997\u20132022"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"261","author":[{"given":"Lily M.","family":"Hale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina L.","family":"Kapp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James B.","family":"Robertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory A.","family":"Lewbart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah M.","family":"Ozawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"ref1","series-title":"Conserv Biol","first-page":"1586","article-title":"Using expert opinion surveys to rank threats to endangered species: a case study with sea turtles","volume":"24","author":"Donlan CJ","year":"2010","unstructured":"Donlan CJ, Wingfield DK, Crowder LB, Wilcox C. 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