{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T18:46:08Z","timestamp":1790793968842,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":5,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\nOBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\nTo describe the novel PCR diagnosis and outcome of intestinal Echinococcus multilocularis<\/jats:italic> in a dog.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nANIMAL<\/jats:title>\nA 13-month-old female intact dog with naturally occurring intestinal E multilocularis<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nCLINICAL PRESENTATION, PROGRESSION, AND PROCEDURES<\/jats:title>\nThe 13-month-old dog initially presented with a reduced appetite and weight loss and then developed hematochezia. The clinical history included a lack of endoparasite preventive care (fecal testing, deworming), exposure to coyotes, fox, sheep, and rodents and the dog had intermittently been fed a raw food diet. Physical examination revealed a thin dog, with a 2\/9 body condition score, that was otherwise clinically unremarkable. A fecal sample was submitted for screening for gastrointestinal parasites as part of an infectious disease assessment. The fecal PCR test reported detection of E multilocularis<\/jats:italic>. This result was sequenced as the European haplotype E3\/E4. Centrifugal flotation (same sample) did not detect taeniid eggs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nTREATMENT AND OUTCOME<\/jats:title>\nThe dog was treated with metronidazole, maropitant, and milbemycin oxime\/praziquantel. Clinical improvement was noted within 48 hours. No DNA of E multilocularis<\/jats:italic> was detected in a fecal sample collected approximately 10 days after treatment. The dog\u2019s owner was advised to provide monthly deworming (praziquantel) for all dogs on the property and to contact their human health-care provider due to potential zoonotic exposure risk.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nCLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\nIncreasing detection of E multilocularis<\/jats:italic> is occurring in dogs in Canada and the US. Alveolar echinococcosis can cause severe disease in dogs and humans. Fecal PCR detection and surveillance may alert practitioners to canine intestinal cases and allow dogs to serve as sentinels for human exposure risk.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.23.03.0179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,23]],"date-time":"2023-05-23T18:15:07Z","timestamp":1684865707000},"page":"1-3","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Novel molecular diagnostic (PCR) diagnosis and outcome of intestinal Echinococcus multilocularis in a dog from western Canada"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"261","author":[{"given":"Michelle D.","family":"Evason","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Antech Diagnostics Inc, Fountain Valley, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily J.","family":"Jenkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Temitope U.","family":"Kolapo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly D.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antech Diagnostics Inc, Fountain Valley, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian M.","family":"Leutenegger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antech Diagnostics Inc, Fountain Valley, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew S.","family":"Peregrine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist","first-page":"131","article-title":"Emergence of Ancylostoma caninum parasites with the benzimidazole resistance F167Y polymorphism in the US dog population","volume":"21","author":"Leutenegger CM","year":"2023","unstructured":"Leutenegger CM, Lozoya CE, Tereski J, Savard C, Ogeer J, Lallier R. Emergence of Ancylostoma caninum parasites with the benzimidazole resistance F167Y polymorphism in the US dog population. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist. 2023;21:131-140."},{"issue":"pt 6","key":"ref2","series-title":"Parasitology","first-page":"911","article-title":"Identification of taeniid eggs in the faeces from carnivores based on multiplex PCR using targets in mitochondrial DNA","volume":"134","author":"Trachsel D","year":"2007","unstructured":"Trachsel D, Deplazes P, Mathis A. Identification of taeniid eggs in the faeces from carnivores based on multiplex PCR using targets in mitochondrial DNA. Parasitology. 2007;134(pt 6):911-920."},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Trans and Emerg Dis","first-page":"5224160","article-title":"Canine alveolar echinococcosis: an emerging and costly introduced problem in North America","volume":"2023","author":"Kolapo TU","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kolapo TU, Hay A, Gesy KM, Canine alveolar echinococcosis: an emerging and costly introduced problem in North America. Trans and Emerg Dis. 2023;2023:5224160. doi:10.1155\/2023\/5224160"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref4","series-title":"Can Vet J","first-page":"870","article-title":"Alveolar hydatid disease (Echinococcus multilocularis) in the liver of a Canadian dog in British Columbia, a newly endemic region","volume":"53","author":"Peregrine AS","year":"2012","unstructured":"Peregrine AS, Jenkins EJ, Barnes B, Alveolar hydatid disease (Echinococcus multilocularis) in the liver of a Canadian dog in British Columbia, a newly endemic region. Can Vet J. 2012;53(8):870-874."},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1","article-title":"Diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of four dogs with alveolar echinococcosis in the northwestern Unites States","volume":"17","author":"Williams LBA","year":"2023","unstructured":"Williams LBA, Walzthorni N. Diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of four dogs with alveolar echinococcosis in the northwestern Unites States. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2023;17:1-6."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/261\/9\/javma.23.03.0179.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/261\/9\/javma.23.03.0179.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/261\/9\/javma.23.03.0179.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T13:02:23Z","timestamp":1741352543000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/261\/9\/javma.23.03.0179.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]]},"references-count":5,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.23.03.0179","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]]}}}