{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T22:39:59Z","timestamp":1789079999521,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To describe the clinical, laboratory, and ultrasonographic findings; treatment; and outcome of cattle with mesenteric torsion (MT).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>ANIMALS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>61 cattle with MT between November 1, 1986, and December 31, 2019.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Results were compared for cattle that survived versus did not survive to hospital discharge.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>All cattle had abnormal demeanor. The most common clinical signs were tachycardia (80.3% [49\/61]), tachypnea (65.0% [39\/60]), and lower rectal temperature (59.3% [35\/59]). Signs of colic occurred in 65.6% (40\/61). The most common gastrointestinal findings were an empty or almost empty rectum (100% [59\/59]), reduced or absent motility of the small intestines (96.6% [57\/59]) or rumen (93.2% [55\/59]), positive ballottement and\/or percussion and simultaneous auscultation on the right side (91.7% [55\/60]), and dilated small (49.2% [29\/59]) and large intestines (spiral colon and\/or cecum, 44.1% [26\/59]) detected during transrectal examination. The most common laboratory findings were acidosis (82.6%, [38\/46]) hypermagnesemia (74.5% [35\/47]). Ultrasonographic findings included reduced or absent small intestinal motility (86.7% [26\/30]) and dilated small intestines (83.8% [31\/37]). The spiral colon was dilated in 32.4% (12\/37) of the cattle. Eighty-two percent (50\/61) of the cattle underwent right flank laparotomy and the MT could be reduced in 34.4% (21\/61). Twenty-three percent (14\/61) of the cattle survived to hospital discharge, and 77.0% (47\/61) were euthanized before hospital discharge.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Dilated small and large intestines (spiral colon, cecum) combined with a severely abnormal demeanor and tachycardia are characteristic findings in cows with MT. Immediate surgical treatment is paramount.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.23.05.0243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]],"date-time":"2023-07-14T13:38:38Z","timestamp":1689341918000},"page":"1531-1538","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Dilated small and large intestines combined with a severely abnormal demeanor are characteristic of mesenteric torsion in cattle"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"261","author":[{"given":"Ueli","family":"Braun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Gerspach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Volz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Hilbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl","family":"Nuss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Innere Medizin und Chirurgie des Rindes","first-page":"527","article-title":"Darmscheibendrehung","author":"Rademacher G","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rademacher G. 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