{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T11:12:10Z","timestamp":1784632330329,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To retrospectively compare efficacy of a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) helmet against standard oxygen supplementation (STD) administered by nasal cannulae in dogs with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema (ACPE).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>ANIMALS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>83 dogs (STD group, n = 41; CPAP group, 42) hospitalized for ACPE (January 2019 to April 2021).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Mean respiratory rate, heart rate, systolic arterial pressure, and rectal body temperature were compared between and within groups before and at 1 (T1), 2 (T2), 3 (T3), 6 (T6), and 12 (T12) hours from the beginning of STD\/CPAP therapy. Duration of oxygen supplementation, hospitalization time, total diuretic dose, additional pharmacological interventions and mortality rates were compared between groups. The veterinary bedside lung ultrasound in emergency score, thoracic radiographs, and arterial blood parameters were compared between and within groups before and at the end of CPAP\/STD therapy.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Within both groups, clinical parameters decreased during the observation period. Mean respiratory rate and heart rate were significantly lower in the CPAP group than the STD group at T1, T2, T3, T6, and T12. Mean systolic arterial pressure was significantly lower in the CPAP group than the STD group at T2, T3, T6, and T12. Mean oxygen supplementation duration, cumulative loop diuretic dose, and both veterinary bedside lung ultrasound in emergency score and arterial PaCO<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> at the end of CPAP\/STD therapy were significantly lower in the CPAP group than the STD group. No significant differences were observed in hospitalization time and mortality rates.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The addition of helmet CPAP compared with standard oxygen administration showed a faster clinical improvement with lower cumulative loop diuretic and shorter oxygen supplementation in dogs hospitalized for ACPE.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.23.05.0244","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,15]],"date-time":"2023-08-15T12:18:45Z","timestamp":1692101925000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Continuous positive airway pressure ventilation in dogs with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema is associated with improved clinical parameters and reduced diuretic and oxygen requirements"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"261","author":[{"given":"Giulia Del","family":"Prete","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ospedale Veterinario San Francesco, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra M.","family":"Carotenuto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ospedale Veterinario San Francesco, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Ciampi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ospedale Veterinario San Francesco, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Agostinetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Lazzarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ospedale Veterinario San Francesco, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Gioeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ospedale Veterinario San Francesco, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Baio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ospedale Veterinario San Francesco, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Spalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ospedale Veterinario San Francesco, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Small Animal Cardiovascular Medicine","first-page":"149","article-title":"Management of heart failure","author":"Kittleson MD","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kittleson MD. Management of heart failure. In: Kittleson MD, ed. Small Animal Cardiovascular Medicine. Mosby; 1998:149-194."},{"issue":"3","key":"ref2","series-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio)","first-page":"330","article-title":"Evaluation of acute congestive heart failure in dogs and cats: 145 cases (2007-2008)","volume":"20","author":"Goutal CM","year":"2010","unstructured":"Goutal CM, Keir I, Kenney S, Rush JE, Freeman LM. Evaluation of acute congestive heart failure in dogs and cats: 145 cases (2007-2008). J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio). 2010;20(3):330-337. doi:10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2010.00524.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref3","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"1127","article-title":"ACVIM consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs","volume":"33","author":"Keene BW","year":"2019","unstructured":"Keene BW, Atkins CE, Bonagura JD,  ACVIM consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs. J Vet Intern Med. 2019;33(3):1127-1140. doi:10.1111\/jvim.15488"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Textbook of Respiratory Disease in Dogs and Cats","first-page":"487","article-title":"Pulmonary edema","author":"Huges D","year":"2004","unstructured":"Huges D. Pulmonary edema. In: King LG, ed. Textbook of Respiratory Disease in Dogs and Cats. WB Saunders; 2004:487-497. doi:10.1016\/B978-0-7216-8706-3.50070-0"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine","first-page":"1239","article-title":"Pulmonary parenchymal disease","author":"Nelson LO","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nelson LO, Sellon RK. Pulmonary parenchymal disease. In: Ettinger SJ, Feldman ED, eds. Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine. 6th ed. Elsevier Saunders; 2005:1239-1266."},{"issue":"5","key":"ref6","series-title":"JAMA","first-page":"589","article-title":"Piedmont Intensive Care Units Network (PICUN). Continuous positive airway pressure for treatment of postoperative hypoxemia: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"293","author":"Squadrone V","year":"2005","unstructured":"Squadrone V, Coha M, Cerutti E, ; Piedmont Intensive Care Units Network (PICUN). Continuous positive airway pressure for treatment of postoperative hypoxemia: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2005;293(5):589-595. doi:10.1001\/jama.293.5.589"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref7","series-title":"Ann Intern Med","first-page":"590","article-title":"Meta-analysis: noninvasive ventilation in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema","volume":"152","author":"Weng CL","year":"2010","unstructured":"Weng CL, Zhao YT, Liu QH,  Meta-analysis: noninvasive ventilation in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Ann Intern Med. 2010;152(9):590-600. doi:10.7326\/0003-4819-152-9-201005040-00009"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref8","series-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev","first-page":"CD005351","article-title":"Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (CPAP or bilevel NPPV) for cardiogenic pulmonary oedema","volume":"31","author":"Vital FM","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vital FM, Ladeira MT, Atallah AN. Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (CPAP or bilevel NPPV) for cardiogenic pulmonary oedema. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;31(5):CD005351. doi:10.1002\/14651858.CD005351.pub3"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref9","series-title":"Anesthesiology","first-page":"598","article-title":"Inspiratory work with and without continuous positive airway pressure in patients with acute respiratory failure","volume":"63","author":"Katz JA","year":"1985","unstructured":"Katz JA, Marks JD. Inspiratory work with and without continuous positive airway pressure in patients with acute respiratory failure. Anesthesiology. 1985;63(6):598-607. doi:10.1097\/00000542-198512000-00008"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref10","series-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis","first-page":"19","article-title":"Effects of positive end-expiratory pressure on the gradient for venous return","volume":"143","author":"Fessler HE","year":"1991","unstructured":"Fessler HE, Brower RG, Wise RA, Permutt S. Effects of positive end-expiratory pressure on the gradient for venous return. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1991;143(1):19-24. doi:10.1164\/ajrccm\/143.1.19"},{"issue":"2 pt 1","key":"ref11","series-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis","first-page":"377","article-title":"Cardiac output response to continuous positive airway pressure in congestive heart failure","volume":"145","author":"Bradley TD","year":"1992","unstructured":"Bradley TD, Holloway RM, McLaughlin PR, Ross BL, Walters J, Liu PP. Cardiac output response to continuous positive airway pressure in congestive heart failure. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1992;145(2 pt 1):377-382. doi:10.1164\/ajrccm\/145.2_Pt_1.377"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref12","series-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio)","first-page":"41","article-title":"Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) provision with a pediatric helmet for treatment of hypoxemic acute respiratory failure in dogs","volume":"30","author":"Ceccherini G","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ceccherini G, Lippi I, Citi S,  Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) provision with a pediatric helmet for treatment of hypoxemic acute respiratory failure in dogs. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio). 2020;30(1):41-49. doi:10.1111\/vec.12920"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref13","series-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio)","first-page":"503","article-title":"Continuous positive airway pressure administered via face mask in tranquilized dogs","volume":"20","author":"Briganti A","year":"2010","unstructured":"Briganti A, Melanie P, Portela D, Breghi G, Mama K. Continuous positive airway pressure administered via face mask in tranquilized dogs. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio). 2010;20(5):503-508. doi:10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2010.00579.x"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref14","series-title":"Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi","first-page":"382","article-title":"Ventilatory and hemodynamic effects of continuous positive airway pressure in dogs with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Article in Chinese","volume":"28","author":"Lian NF","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lian NF, Zhu L, Wang QB, Niu SF. Ventilatory and hemodynamic effects of continuous positive airway pressure in dogs with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Article in Chinese. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2005;28(6):382-384."},{"issue":"5","key":"ref15","series-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio)","first-page":"578","article-title":"Noninvasive continuous positive airway pressure delivered using a pediatric helmet in dogs recovering from general anesthesia","volume":"24","author":"Staffieri F","year":"2014","unstructured":"Staffieri F, Crovace A, De Monte V, Centonze P, Gigante G, Grasso S. Noninvasive continuous positive airway pressure delivered using a pediatric helmet in dogs recovering from general anesthesia. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio). 2014;24(5):578-585. doi:10.1111\/vec.12210"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref16","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"351","article-title":"Comparison of CPAP and oxygen therapy for treatment of postoperative hypoxaemia in dogs","volume":"62","author":"Stabile M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stabile M, Lacitignola L, Piemontese MR,  Comparison of CPAP and oxygen therapy for treatment of postoperative hypoxaemia in dogs. J Small Anim Pract. 2021;62(5):351-358. doi:10.1111\/jsap.13295"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref17","series-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio)","first-page":"303","article-title":"Evaluation of a veterinary triage list modified from a human five-point triage system in 485 dogs and cats","volume":"22","author":"Ruys LJ","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ruys LJ, Gunning M, Teske E, Robben JH, Sigrist NE. Evaluation of a veterinary triage list modified from a human five-point triage system in 485 dogs and cats. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio). 2012;22(3):303-312. doi:10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2012.00736.x"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Focused Ultrasound Techniques for the Small Animal Practitioner","first-page":"166","article-title":"The vet BLUE lung scan","author":"Lisciandro GR","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lisciandro GR. The vet BLUE lung scan. In: Lisciandro GR, ed. Focused Ultrasound Techniques for the Small Animal Practitioner. John Wiley and Sons Inc; 2014:166-188. doi:10.1002\/9781118760772"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref19","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"68","article-title":"Utility of point-of-care lung ultrasound for monitoring cardiogenic pulmonary edema in dogs","volume":"35","author":"Murphy SD","year":"2021","unstructured":"Murphy SD, Ward JL, Viall AK,  Utility of point-of-care lung ultrasound for monitoring cardiogenic pulmonary edema in dogs. J Vet Intern Med. 2021;35(1):68-77. doi:10.1111\/jvim.15990"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref20","series-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio)","first-page":"245","article-title":"Comparison of unilateral versus bilateral nasal catheters for oxygen administration in dogs","volume":"4","author":"Dunphy E","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dunphy E, Mann F, Dodam J,  Comparison of unilateral versus bilateral nasal catheters for oxygen administration in dogs. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio). 2002;4(4):245-251. doi:10.1046\/j.1435-6935.2002.t01-1-00049.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref21","series-title":"Chest","first-page":"114","article-title":"Helmet continuous positive airway pressure vs oxygen therapy to improve oxygenation in community-acquired pneumonia: a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"138","author":"Cosentini R","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cosentini R, Brambilla AM, Aliberti S,  Helmet continuous positive airway pressure vs oxygen therapy to improve oxygenation in community-acquired pneumonia: a randomized, controlled trial. Chest. 2010;138(1):114-120. doi:10.1378\/chest.09-2290"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref22","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"549","article-title":"ACVIM consensus statement guidelines for the diagnosis, classification, treatment, and monitoring of pulmonary hypertension in dogs","volume":"34","author":"Reinero C","year":"2020","unstructured":"Reinero C, Visser LC, Kellihan HB,  ACVIM consensus statement guidelines for the diagnosis, classification, treatment, and monitoring of pulmonary hypertension in dogs. J Vet Intern Med. 2020;34(2):549-573. doi:10.1111\/jvim.15725"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref23","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound","first-page":"315","article-title":"Frequency and number of ultrasound lung rockets (B-lines) using a regionally based lung ultrasound examination named vet BLUE (veterinary bedside lung ultrasound exam) in dogs with radiographically normal lung findings","volume":"55","author":"Lisciandro GR","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lisciandro GR, Fosgate GT, Fulton RM. Frequency and number of ultrasound lung rockets (B-lines) using a regionally based lung ultrasound examination named vet BLUE (veterinary bedside lung ultrasound exam) in dogs with radiographically normal lung findings. Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 2014;55(3):315-322. doi:10.1111\/vru.12122"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref24","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"700","article-title":"Assessment of lung ultrasound B-lines in dogs with different stages of chronic valvular heart disease","volume":"31","author":"Vezzosi T","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vezzosi T, Mannucci T, Pistoresi A,  Assessment of lung ultrasound B-lines in dogs with different stages of chronic valvular heart disease. J Vet Intern Med. 2017;31(3):700-704. doi:10.1111\/jvim.14692"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref25","series-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio)","first-page":"499","article-title":"Frequency and number of B-lines using a regionally based lung ultrasound examination in cats with radiographically normal lungs compared to cats with left-sided congestive heart failure","volume":"27","author":"Lisciandro GR","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lisciandro GR, Fulton RM, Fosgate GT, Mann KA. Frequency and number of B-lines using a regionally based lung ultrasound examination in cats with radiographically normal lungs compared to cats with left-sided congestive heart failure. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio). 2017;27(5):499-505. doi:10.1111\/vec.12637"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref26","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"666","article-title":"Accuracy of point-of-care lung ultrasonography for the diagnosis of cardiogenic pulmonary edema in dogs and cats with acute dyspnea","volume":"250","author":"Ward JL","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ward JL, Lisciandro GR, Keene BW, Tou SP, DeFrancesco TC. Accuracy of point-of-care lung ultrasonography for the diagnosis of cardiogenic pulmonary edema in dogs and cats with acute dyspnea. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2017;250(6):666-675. doi:10.2460\/javma.250.6.666"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref27","series-title":"Intern Emerg Med","first-page":"597","article-title":"Bedside lung ultrasound in the evaluation of acute decompensated heart failure","volume":"11","author":"Leidi F","year":"2016","unstructured":"Leidi F, Casella F, Cogliati C. Bedside lung ultrasound in the evaluation of acute decompensated heart failure. Intern Emerg Med. 2016;11(4):597-601. doi:10.1007\/s11739-016-1403-0"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref28","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"1277","article-title":"Pulmonary abnormalities in dogs with leptospirosis","volume":"24","author":"Kohn B","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kohn B, Steinicke K, Arndt G,  Pulmonary abnormalities in dogs with leptospirosis. J Vet Intern Med. 2010;24(6):1277-1282. doi:10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2010.0585.x"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref29","series-title":"J Vet Med Sci","first-page":"1057","article-title":"The effects of the loop diuretics furosemide and torasemide on diuresis in dogs and cats","volume":"65","author":"Uechi M","year":"2003","unstructured":"Uechi M, Matsuoka M, Kuwajima E,  The effects of the loop diuretics furosemide and torasemide on diuresis in dogs and cats. J Vet Med Sci. 2003;65(10):1057-1061. doi:10.1292\/jvms.65.1057"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref30","series-title":"J Vet Cardiol","first-page":"253","article-title":"Effect of torsemide and furosemide on clinical, laboratory, radiographic and quality of life variables in dogs with heart failure secondary to mitral valve disease","volume":"14","author":"Peddle GD","year":"2012","unstructured":"Peddle GD, Singletary GE, Reynolds CA, Trafny DJ, Machen MC, Oyama MA. Effect of torsemide and furosemide on clinical, laboratory, radiographic and quality of life variables in dogs with heart failure secondary to mitral valve disease. J Vet Cardiol. 2012;14(1):253-259. doi:10.1016\/j.jvc.2012.01.003"},{"key":"ref31","series-title":"Vet J","first-page":"70","article-title":"Constant rate infusion vs. intermittent bolus administration of IV furosemide in 100 pets with acute left-sided congestive heart failure: a retrospective study","volume":"238","author":"Ohad DG","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ohad DG, Segev Y, Kelmer E,  Constant rate infusion vs. intermittent bolus administration of IV furosemide in 100 pets with acute left-sided congestive heart failure: a retrospective study. Vet J. 2018;238:70-75. doi:10.1016\/j.tvjl.2018.07.001"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref32","series-title":"Chest","first-page":"481","article-title":"Continuous positive airway pressure and supplemental oxygen in the treatment of cardiogenic pulmonary edema","volume":"92","author":"V\u00e4is\u00e4nen IT","year":"1987","unstructured":"V\u00e4is\u00e4nen IT, R\u00e4s\u00e4nen J. Continuous positive airway pressure and supplemental oxygen in the treatment of cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Chest. 1987;92(3):481-485. doi:10.1378\/chest.92.3.481"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref33","series-title":"Chest","first-page":"1379","article-title":"Reappraisal of continuous positive airway pressure therapy in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Short-term results and long-term follow-up","volume":"107","author":"Lin M","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lin M, Yang YF, Chiang HT, Chang MS, Chiang BN, Cheitlin MD. Reappraisal of continuous positive airway pressure therapy in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Short-term results and long-term follow-up. Chest. 1995;107(5):1379-1386. doi:10.1378\/chest.107.5.1379"},{"key":"ref34","series-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med","first-page":"168","article-title":"Noninvasive ventilation in cardiogenic pulmonary edema: a multicenter randomized trial","volume":"15","author":"Nava S","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nava S, Carbone G, DiBattista N,  Noninvasive ventilation in cardiogenic pulmonary edema: a multicenter randomized trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003;15:168(12):1432-1437. doi:10.1164\/rccm.200211-1270OC"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref35","series-title":"J Clin Invest","first-page":"111","article-title":"Ventilatory mechanics in pulmonary edema in man","volume":"37","author":"Sharp JT","year":"1958","unstructured":"Sharp JT, Griffith GT, Bunnell IL, Greene DG. Ventilatory mechanics in pulmonary edema in man. J Clin Invest. 1958;37(1):111-117. doi:10.1172\/JCI103577"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref36","series-title":"J Appl Physiol","first-page":"499","article-title":"Respiratory muscle fatigue during cardiogenic shock","volume":"51","author":"Aubier M","year":"1981","unstructured":"Aubier M, Trippenbach T, Roussos C. Respiratory muscle fatigue during cardiogenic shock. J Appl Physiol. 1981;51(2):499-508. doi:10.1152\/jappl.1981.51.2.499"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref37","series-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis","first-page":"9","article-title":"The oxygen cost of breathing in patients with cardiorespiratory disease","volume":"126","author":"Field S","year":"198","unstructured":"Field S, Kelly SM, Macklem PT. The oxygen cost of breathing in patients with cardiorespiratory disease. Am Rev Respir Dis. 198;126(1):9-13. doi:10.1164\/arrd.1982.126.1.9"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref38","series-title":"Anesth Analg","first-page":"1381","article-title":"Work of breathing during spontaneous ventilation in anesthetized children: a comparative study among the face mask, laryngeal mask airway and endotracheal tube","volume":"91","author":"Keidan I","year":"2000","unstructured":"Keidan I, Fine GF, Kagawa T, Schneck FX, Motoyama EK. Work of breathing during spontaneous ventilation in anesthetized children: a comparative study among the face mask, laryngeal mask airway and endotracheal tube. Anesth Analg. 2000;91(6):1381-1388. doi:10.1097\/00000539-200012000-00014"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref39","series-title":"J Card Fail","first-page":"850","article-title":"Noninvasive ventilation in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"17","author":"Mariani J","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mariani J, Macchia A, Belziti C,  Noninvasive ventilation in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Card Fail. 2011;17(10):850-859. doi:10.1016\/j.cardfail.2011.05.010"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref40","series-title":"Acta Med Indones","first-page":"74","article-title":"Non-invasive ventilation in acute respiratory failure","volume":"46","author":"Singh G","year":"2014","unstructured":"Singh G, Pitoyo CW. Non-invasive ventilation in acute respiratory failure. Acta Med Indones. 2014;46(1):74-80."},{"issue":"4","key":"ref41","series-title":"Am J Cardiol","first-page":"296","article-title":"Continuous positive airway pressure by face mask in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema","volume":"55","author":"R\u00e4s\u00e4nen J","year":"1985","unstructured":"R\u00e4s\u00e4nen J, Heikkil\u00e4 J, Downs J, Nikki P, V\u00e4is\u00e4nen I, Viitanen A. Continuous positive airway pressure by face mask in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Am J Cardiol. 1985;55(4):296-300. doi:10.1016\/0002-9149(85)90364-9"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref42","series-title":"Circulation","first-page":"1725","article-title":"Effect of continuous positive airway pressure on intrathoracic and left ventricular transmural pressures in patients with congestive heart failure","volume":"91","author":"Naughton MT","year":"1995","unstructured":"Naughton MT, Rahman MA, Hara K, Floras JS, Bradley TD. Effect of continuous positive airway pressure on intrathoracic and left ventricular transmural pressures in patients with congestive heart failure. Circulation. 1995;91(6):1725-1731. doi:10.1161\/01.cir.91.6.1725"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref43","series-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med","first-page":"500","article-title":"Ventilatory and hemodynamic effects of continuous positive airway pressure in left heart failure","volume":"155","author":"Lenique F","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lenique F, Habis M, Lofaso F, Dubois-Rand\u00e9 JL, Harf A, Brochard L. Ventilatory and hemodynamic effects of continuous positive airway pressure in left heart failure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997;155(2):500-505. doi:10.1164\/ajrccm.155.2.9032185"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref44","series-title":"Chest","first-page":"1053","article-title":"Does continuous positive airway pressure by face mask improve patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema due to left ventricular diastolic dysfunction?","volume":"127","author":"Bendjelid K","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bendjelid K, Sch\u00fctz N, Suter PM,  Does continuous positive airway pressure by face mask improve patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema due to left ventricular diastolic dysfunction? Chest. 2005;127(3):1053-1058. doi:10.1378\/chest.127.3.1053"},{"issue":"24","key":"ref45","series-title":"JAMA","first-page":"3124","article-title":"Noninvasive ventilation in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"294","author":"Masip J","year":"2005","unstructured":"Masip J, Roque M, S\u00e1nchez B, Fern\u00e1ndez R, Subirana M, Exp\u00f3sito JA. Noninvasive ventilation in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema: systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2005;294(24):3124-3130. doi:10.1001\/jama.294.24.3124"},{"issue":"9517","key":"ref46","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"1155","article-title":"Effect of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) on mortality in patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema: a meta-analysis","volume":"367","author":"Peter JV","year":"2006","unstructured":"Peter JV, Moran JL, Phillips-Hughes J, Graham P, Bersten AD. Effect of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) on mortality in patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema: a meta-analysis. Lancet. 2006;367(9517):1155-1163. doi:10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68506-1"},{"issue":"26","key":"ref47","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"1825","article-title":"Treatment of severe cardiogenic pulmonary edema with continuous positive airway pressure delivered by face mask","volume":"325","author":"Bersten AD","year":"1991","unstructured":"Bersten AD, Holt AW, Vedig AE, Skowronski GA, Baggoley CJ. Treatment of severe cardiogenic pulmonary edema with continuous positive airway pressure delivered by face mask. N Engl J Med. 1991;325(26):1825-1830. doi:10.1056\/NEJM199112263252601"},{"issue":"20","key":"ref48","series-title":"S Afr Med J","first-page":"787","article-title":"The use of vasodilator agents in the treatment of heart failure","volume":"56","author":"Lloyd EA","year":"1979","unstructured":"Lloyd EA. The use of vasodilator agents in the treatment of heart failure. S Afr Med J. 1979;56(20):787-795."},{"issue":"5","key":"ref49","series-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio)","first-page":"543","article-title":"Evaluation of the effects of helmet continuous positive airway pressure on laryngeal size in dogs anesthetized with propofol and fentanyl using computed tomography","volume":"30","author":"Rondelli V","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rondelli V, Guarracino A, Iacobellis P,  Evaluation of the effects of helmet continuous positive airway pressure on laryngeal size in dogs anesthetized with propofol and fentanyl using computed tomography. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio). 2020;30(5):543-549. doi:10.1111\/vec.12977"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref50","series-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth","first-page":"115","article-title":"Continuous positive airway pressure versus oxygen therapy in the cardiac surgical ward: a randomized trial","volume":"31","author":"Olper L","year":"2017","unstructured":"Olper L, Bignami E, Di Prima AL,  Continuous positive airway pressure versus oxygen therapy in the cardiac surgical ward: a randomized trial. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2017;31(1):115-121. doi:10.1053\/j.jvca.2016.08.007"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/261\/11\/javma.23.05.0244.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/261\/11\/javma.23.05.0244.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/261\/11\/javma.23.05.0244.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T13:03:58Z","timestamp":1741352638000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/261\/11\/javma.23.05.0244.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.23.05.0244","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]}}}