{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T07:39:05Z","timestamp":1767857945610,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To identify risk factors associated with peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) complications in dogs hospitalized in the critical care unit (CCU).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>ANIMALS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>107 dogs admitted to the CCU between October 2022 and March 2023.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This prospective, observational clinical trial was performed at a single veterinary teaching hospital. Dogs hospitalized in the CCU for at least 24 hours were evaluated for enrollment. PIVC were placed following a standardized protocol and monitored for complications. PIVC complications were classified as extravasation, phlebitis, dislodgement, occlusion, line breakage, or patient removal.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Median PIVC dwell time was 46.50 hours (range, 24.25 to 159.25 hours). Overall PIVC complication rate was 12.1% (13\/107), with phlebitis (4\/107 [3.7%]) and extravasation (4\/107 [3.7%]) being the most frequently recorded complications. Multivariable analysis identified increasing length of hospitalization (LOH; OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.97; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .029), an acute patient physiologic and laboratory evaluation full (APPLE<jats:sub>FULL<\/jats:sub>) score &gt; 35 (OR, 4.66; 95% CI, 1.09 to 19.90; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .038), and having 2 PIVCs placed at admission (OR, 10.92; 95% CI, 1.96 to 60.73; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .006) as risk factors for PIVC complication.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Increasing LOH, an APPLE<jats:sub>FULL<\/jats:sub> score &gt; 35 and having 2 PIVCs placed at admission were associated with increased odds for PIVC complication in this study. Although these are independent risk factors for PIVC complication, the combination of increasing LOH, an APPLE<jats:sub>FULL<\/jats:sub> score &gt; 35, and having 2 PIVCs placed at admission may represent a more severely ill population, drawing attention to a vulnerable group of dogs at risk for PIVC complication.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.23.05.0293","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T19:08:23Z","timestamp":1698865703000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Length of hospitalization, APPLE score, and number of intravenous catheters placed at admission are associated with increased odds of peripheral intravenous catheter complications in dogs"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"262","author":[{"given":"Kyle L.","family":"Granger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liz-Val\u00e9rie","family":"Guieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristin M.","family":"Zersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"ref1","series-title":"J Infus Nurs","first-page":"189","article-title":"Accepted but unacceptable: peripheral IV catheter failure","volume":"38","author":"Helm RE","year":"2015","unstructured":"Helm RE, Klausner JD, Klemperer JD, Flint LM, Huang E. Accepted but unacceptable: peripheral IV catheter failure. J Infus Nurs. 2015;38(3):189\u2013203. doi:10.1097\/NAN.0000000000000100"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref2","series-title":"Vet Sci","first-page":"118","article-title":"Inflammatory, mechanical and infectious complications associated with peripheral intravenous catheters in dogs and cats: a risk factor analysis","volume":"9","author":"Crisi PE","year":"2022","unstructured":"Crisi PE, De Santis F, Aste G,  Inflammatory, mechanical and infectious complications associated with peripheral intravenous catheters in dogs and cats: a risk factor analysis. 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