{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T16:55:07Z","timestamp":1781024107126,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"S2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Determine locoregional diagnostic yield of 4-site screening (head, neck, chest, and abdomen) to diagnose metastatic disease or clinically significant comorbid diseases in dogs with oral cancer.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n<jats:title>ANIMALS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>381 dogs with histologically confirmed oral tumors.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Medical records from 381 dogs with histologically confirmed oral tumors that underwent preoperative screening were retrospectively reviewed.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Skull and neck CT scan was performed on 348 patients. Bone lysis was present in 74.4% of tumors. Oral squamous cell carcinoma, sarcomas, and T2-T3 (&gt; 2 cm) tumors had a significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .05) increased incidence of lysis compared to odontogenic and T1 (&lt; 2 cm) tumors, respectively. Minor incidental findings were present in 60.6% of CT scans. Major incidental findings were found in 4.6% of scans. The risk of diagnosing an incidental finding increased by 10% and 20% per year of age for minor and major findings, respectively. Lymph node metastasis was diagnosed with CT or cytology in 7.5% of cases (10.7% of nonodontogenic tumors, 0% of odontogenic tumors). Oral malignant melanoma, oral squamous cell carcinoma, and T3 tumors had the highest prevalence of metastatic disease at the time of staging. The presence of bone lysis was not associated with cervical metastasis.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Major incidental findings were rare (&lt; 5%) but primarily included secondary extraoral tumors. Lymphatic metastasis was diagnosed in 10.7% of nonodontogenic tumors, but cytology was not performed in the majority of cases and often included only a single mandibular node. Therefore, these results likely underestimate the incidence of lymphatic metastasis. Guided lymph node sampling is highly recommended, especially for oral malignant melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and T2-T3 tumors.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.23.05.0299","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]],"date-time":"2023-10-27T14:48:19Z","timestamp":1698418099000},"page":"S14-S23","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The diagnostic yield of preoperative screening for oral cancer in dogs over 15 years, part 1: locoregional screening"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"261","author":[{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Goldschmidt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Radiologic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Soltero-Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Radiologic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Quiroz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristen","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Rebhun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Radiologic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison","family":"Zwingenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Radiologic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunyi","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Research Design, Clinical and Translation Science Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Research Design, Clinical and Translation Science Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boaz","family":"Arzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Radiologic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"Front Vet Sci","first-page":"506","article-title":"Variability in recommendations for cervical lymph node pathology for staging of canine oral neoplasia: a survey study","volume":"7","author":"Congiusta M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Congiusta M, Lawrence J, Rendahl A, Goldschmidt S. 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