{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T21:16:05Z","timestamp":1785446165785,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"S2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Cleft palate is the most common congenital orofacial defect in dogs. Although this topic has been extensively studied in experimental dogs, current literature on clinical patients is limited to case reports and small case series studies with many individual opinions based on experience. This narrative review summarizes the literature of the last 10 years with application to clinical practice, focusing on the preparation of the patient until surgery, options for surgical management, and perioperative complications. Surgical treatment must be performed to obtain separation between the nasal\/nasopharyngeal and oral\/oropharyngeal passages. This will allow the dog to have independent function and reduce clinical signs associated with food, water, and other foreign material entering the respiratory tract. Surgical treatment has good to excellent outcomes when the procedure is carefully planned and appropriately executed despite the high rates of postoperative oronasal fistula reported.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.23.06.0330","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T12:11:09Z","timestamp":1692706269000},"page":"S34-S43","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Surgical treatment for cleft palate in dogs yields excellent outcomes despite high rates of oronasal fistula formation: a narrative review"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"261","author":[{"given":"Ana C.","family":"Castej\u00f3n-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander M.","family":"Reiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"Theriogenology","first-page":"52","article-title":"Incidence of congenital malformations and impact on the mortality of neonatal canines","volume":"140","author":"Nobre Pacifico Pereira KH","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nobre Pacifico Pereira KH, Cruz Dos Santos Correia LE, Ritir Oliveira EL, et al. Incidence of congenital malformations and impact on the mortality of neonatal canines. Theriogenology. 2019;140:52\u201357. doi:10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2019.07.027"},{"key":"B2","series-title":"Front Vet Sci","first-page":"981923","article-title":"Congenital malformations in brachycephalic dogs: a retrospective study","volume":"9","author":"Estevam MV","year":"2022","unstructured":"Estevam MV, Beretta S, Smargiassi NF, Appar\u00edcio M, Toniollo GH, Pereira GT. Congenital malformations in brachycephalic dogs: a retrospective study. Front Vet Sci. 2022;9:981923. doi:10.3389\/fvets.2022.981923"},{"issue":"11","key":"B3","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0224574","article-title":"Incidence patterns of orofacial clefts in purebred dogs","volume":"14","author":"Roman N","year":"2019","unstructured":"Roman N, Carney PC, Fiani N, Peralta S. Incidence patterns of orofacial clefts in purebred dogs. PLoS One. 2019;14(11):e0224574. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0224574"},{"issue":"8","key":"B4","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"926","article-title":"Morphological evaluation of clefts of the lip, palate, or both in dogs","volume":"78","author":"Peralta S","year":"2017","unstructured":"Peralta S, Fiani N, Kan-Rohrer KH, Verstraete FJM. Morphological evaluation of clefts of the lip, palate, or both in dogs. Am J Vet Res. 2017;78(8):926\u2013933. doi:10.2460\/ajvr.78.8.926"},{"key":"B5","unstructured":"American Veterinary Dental College. ADVC Nomenclature. Accessed June 10, 2023. https:\/\/avdc.org\/avdc-nomenclature\/"},{"issue":"3","key":"B6","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"609","article-title":"Oral and maxillofacial surgery in dogs and cats","volume":"43","author":"Zacher AM","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zacher AM, Marretta SM. Oral and maxillofacial surgery in dogs and cats. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2013;43(3):609\u2013649. doi:10.1016\/j.cvsm.2013.02.010"},{"key":"B7","series-title":"Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in Dogs and Cats","first-page":"392","article-title":"Orofacial cleft repair","author":"Peralta S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Peralta S, Maretta SM. Orofacial cleft repair. In: Verstraete F, Lommer M, Arzi B, eds. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in Dogs and Cats. 2nd ed. Elsevier; 2019:392\u2013403."},{"key":"B8","series-title":"BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Dentistry and Oral Surgery","first-page":"245","article-title":"Management of dental, oral and maxillofacial developmental disorders","author":"Legendre L","year":"2018","unstructured":"Legendre L, Reiter AM. Management of dental, oral and maxillofacial developmental disorders. In: Reiter AM, Gracis M, eds. BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Dentistry and Oral Surgery. 4th ed. British Small Animal Veterinary Association; 2018:245\u2013278."},{"issue":"7","key":"B9","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"338","article-title":"Congenital unilateral cleft of the soft palate in six dogs","volume":"42","author":"Warzee CC","year":"2001","unstructured":"Warzee CC, Bellah JR, Richards D. Congenital unilateral cleft of the soft palate in six dogs. J Small Anim Pract. 2001;42(7):338\u2013340. doi:10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2001.tb02469.x"},{"issue":"11","key":"B10","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"610","article-title":"A numerical classification system for cleft lip and palate in the dog","volume":"58","author":"Moura E","year":"2017","unstructured":"Moura E, Pimp\u00e3o CT. A numerical classification system for cleft lip and palate in the dog. J Small Anim Pract. 2017;58(11):610\u2013614. doi:10.1111\/jsap.12730"},{"issue":"4","key":"B11","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"526","article-title":"Surgical closure of cleft palate defects in dogs using a modification of the traditional von Langenbeck technique: 12 cases (2015\u20132022)","volume":"261","author":"Pavletic MM","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pavletic MM. Surgical closure of cleft palate defects in dogs using a modification of the traditional von Langenbeck technique: 12 cases (2015\u20132022). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2023;261(4):526\u2013535. doi:10.2460\/javma.22.09.0421"},{"key":"B12","series-title":"Front Vet Sci","first-page":"454","article-title":"Levels of evidence in small animal dentistry and oral surgery literature over 40 years","volume":"7","author":"Schneider LA","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schneider LA, Carney PC, Eldermire ERB, Fiani N, Peralta S. Levels of evidence in small animal dentistry and oral surgery literature over 40 years. Front Vet Sci. 2020;7:454. doi:10.3389\/fvets.2020.00454"},{"issue":"2","key":"B13","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","first-page":"230","article-title":"Secondary palate development in the dog (Canis lupus familiaris)","volume":"58","author":"Freiberger K","year":"2021","unstructured":"Freiberger K, Hemker S, McAnally R, et al. Secondary palate development in the dog (Canis lupus familiaris). Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2021;58(2):230\u2013236. doi:10.1177\/1055665620943771"},{"issue":"1","key":"B14","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"139","article-title":"Management of dental and oral developmental conditions in dogs and cats","volume":"52","author":"Goldschmidt S","year":"2022","unstructured":"Goldschmidt S, Hoyer N. Management of dental and oral developmental conditions in dogs and cats. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2022;52(1):139\u2013158. doi:10.1016\/j.cvsm.2021.09.002"},{"issue":"4","key":"B15","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"663","article-title":"Reconstruction of congenital nose, cleft primary palate, and lip disorders","volume":"46","author":"Fiani N","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fiani N, Verstraete FJ, Arzi B. Reconstruction of congenital nose, cleft primary palate, and lip disorders. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2016;46(4):663\u2013675. doi:10.1016\/j.cvsm.2016.02.001"},{"issue":"1","key":"B16","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","first-page":"81","article-title":"Cleft lip and\/or palate with monogenic autosomal recessive transmission in Pyrenees shepherd dogs","volume":"46","author":"Kemp C","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kemp C, Thiele H, Dankof A, et al. Cleft lip and\/or palate with monogenic autosomal recessive transmission in Pyrenees shepherd dogs. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2009;46(1):81\u201388. doi:10.1597\/06-229.1"},{"issue":"3","key":"B17","series-title":"PLoS Genet","first-page":"e1005059","article-title":"Genome-wide association studies in dogs and humans identify ADAMTS20 as a risk variant for cleft lip and palate","volume":"11","author":"Wolf ZT","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wolf ZT, Brand HA, Shaffer JR, et al. Genome-wide association studies in dogs and humans identify ADAMTS20 as a risk variant for cleft lip and palate. PLoS Genet. 2015;11(3):e1005059. doi:10.1371\/journal.pgen.1005059"},{"issue":"1","key":"B18","series-title":"Pol J Vet Sci","first-page":"33","article-title":"Oral folic acid supplementation decreases palate and\/or lip cleft occurrence in Pug and Chihuahua puppies and elevates folic acid blood levels in pregnant bitches","volume":"16","author":"Domos\u0142awska A","year":"2013","unstructured":"Domos\u0142awska A, Jurczak A, Janowski T. Oral folic acid supplementation decreases palate and\/or lip cleft occurrence in Pug and Chihuahua puppies and elevates folic acid blood levels in pregnant bitches. Pol J Vet Sci. 2013;16(1):33\u201337. doi:10.2478\/pjvs-2013-0005"},{"key":"B19","series-title":"Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in Dogs and Cats","first-page":"383","article-title":"Biologic basis of cleft palate and palatal surgery","author":"Kelly KM","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kelly KM. Biologic basis of cleft palate and palatal surgery. In: Verstraete F, Lommer M, Arzi B, eds. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in Dogs and Cats. 2nd ed. Elsevier; 2019:383\u2013391."},{"key":"B20","series-title":"Veterinary Surgery Small Animal","first-page":"1935","article-title":"Palate surgery","author":"Reiter AM","year":"2018","unstructured":"Reiter AM, Holt D. Palate surgery. In: Johnston SA, Tobias KM. Veterinary Surgery Small Animal. 2nd ed. Elsevier; 2018:1935\u20131946."},{"issue":"1","key":"B21","series-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg","first-page":"13","article-title":"Maxillary growth in a congenital cleft palate canine model for surgical research","volume":"42","author":"Paradas-Lara I","year":"2014","unstructured":"Paradas-Lara I, Casado-G\u00f3mez I, Mart\u00edn C, et al. Maxillary growth in a congenital cleft palate canine model for surgical research. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2014;42(1):13\u201321. doi:10.1016\/j.jcms.2013.01.032"},{"issue":"11","key":"B22","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1445","article-title":"Outcomes of surgical repair of congenital palatal defects in dogs","volume":"253","author":"Peralta S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Peralta S, Campbell RD, Fiani N, Kan-Rohrer KH, Verstraete FJM. Outcomes of surgical repair of congenital palatal defects in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2018;253(11):1445\u20131451. doi:10.2460\/javma.253.11.1445"},{"issue":"4","key":"B23","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"417","article-title":"Craniomaxillofacial abnormalities in dogs with congenital palatal defects: computed tomographic findings","volume":"44","author":"Nemec A","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nemec A, Daniaux L, Johnson E, Peralta S, Verstraete FJ. Craniomaxillofacial abnormalities in dogs with congenital palatal defects: computed tomographic findings. Vet Surg. 2015;44(4):417\u2013422. doi:10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2014.12129.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"B24","series-title":"Vet Sci","first-page":"61","article-title":"Management of cleft palate in puppies using a temporary prosthesis: a report of three cases","volume":"5","author":"Conze T","year":"2018","unstructured":"Conze T, Ritz I, Hospes R, Wehrend A. Management of cleft palate in puppies using a temporary prosthesis: a report of three cases. Vet Sci. 2018;5(3):61. doi:10.3390\/vetsci5030061"},{"issue":"2","key":"B25","series-title":"Lab Anim","first-page":"70","article-title":"A new technique for feeding dogs with a congenital cleft palate for surgical research","volume":"45","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Sanz E","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Sanz E, Casado-G\u00f3mez I, Mart\u00edn C, et al. A new technique for feeding dogs with a congenital cleft palate for surgical research. Lab Anim. 2011;45(2):70\u201380. doi:10.1258\/la.2010.010044"},{"key":"B26","series-title":"Small Animal Surgery","first-page":"331","article-title":"Surgery of the digestive system","author":"Radlinsky M","year":"2019","unstructured":"Radlinsky M, Fossum TW. Surgery of the digestive system. In: Fossum TW, ed. Small Animal Surgery. 5th ed. Elsevier; 2019:331\u2013351."},{"issue":"2","key":"B27","series-title":"J Surg Res","first-page":"654","article-title":"Injection and adhesion palatoplasty: a preliminary study in a canine model","volume":"183","author":"Mart\u00ednez-\u00c1lvarez C","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-\u00c1lvarez C, Gonz\u00e1lez-Meli B, Berenguer-Froehner B, et al. Injection and adhesion palatoplasty: a preliminary study in a canine model. J Surg Res. 2013;183(2):654\u2013662. doi:10.1016\/j.jss.2013.03.009"},{"issue":"7","key":"B28","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"364","article-title":"Soft palate hypoplasia and concurrent middle ear pathology in six dogs","volume":"50","author":"White RN","year":"2009","unstructured":"White RN, Hawkins HL, Alemi VP, Warner C. Soft palate hypoplasia and concurrent middle ear pathology in six dogs. J Small Anim Pract. 2009;50(7):364\u2013372. doi:10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2009.00742.x"},{"issue":"9","key":"B29","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"398","article-title":"Middle ear disease associated with congenital palatine defects in seven dogs and one cat","volume":"41","author":"Gregory SP","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gregory SP. Middle ear disease associated with congenital palatine defects in seven dogs and one cat. J Small Anim Pract. 2000;41(9):398\u2013401. doi:10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2000.tb03231.x"},{"issue":"7","key":"B30","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"865","article-title":"Repair of a bifid nose combined with a cleft of the primary palate in a 1-year-old dog","volume":"40","author":"Arzi B","year":"2011","unstructured":"Arzi B, Verstraete FJ. Repair of a bifid nose combined with a cleft of the primary palate in a 1-year-old dog. Vet Surg. 2011;40(7):865\u2013869. doi:10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2011.00880.x"},{"issue":"6","key":"B31","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"1041","article-title":"Locoregional anesthesia of the head","volume":"49","author":"Castej\u00f3n-Gonz\u00e1lez AC","year":"2019","unstructured":"Castej\u00f3n-Gonz\u00e1lez AC, Reiter AM. Locoregional anesthesia of the head. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2019;49(6):1041\u20131061. doi:10.1016\/j.cvsm.2019.07.011"},{"issue":"6","key":"B32","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"463","article-title":"Comparison of the efficacy and duration of desensitization of oral structures following injection of various volumes of a lidocaine-bupivacaine mixture via an infraorbital approach in dogs","volume":"81","author":"Pascoe PJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pascoe PJ, Chohan AS. Comparison of the efficacy and duration of desensitization of oral structures following injection of various volumes of a lidocaine-bupivacaine mixture via an infraorbital approach in dogs. Am J Vet Res. 2020;81(6):463\u2013470. doi:10.2460\/ajvr.81.6.463"},{"key":"B33","series-title":"J Vet Dent","first-page":"8987564231161226","article-title":"Post-operative pain assessment following tooth extraction using liposomal encapsulated bupivacaine as a local anesthetic in dogs","author":"Jones TL","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jones TL, Cediel R, Wolff S, Thomas K, Hofmeister EH. Post-operative pain assessment following tooth extraction using liposomal encapsulated bupivacaine as a local anesthetic in dogs. J Vet Dent. 2023:8987564231161226. doi:10.1177\/08987564231161226"},{"issue":"7","key":"B34","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"820","article-title":"Effects of maropitant, acepromazine, and electroacupuncture on vomiting associated with administration of morphine in dogs","volume":"244","author":"Koh RB","year":"2014","unstructured":"Koh RB, Isaza N, Xie H, Cooke K, Robertson SA. Effects of maropitant, acepromazine, and electroacupuncture on vomiting associated with administration of morphine in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2014;244(7):820\u2013829. doi:10.2460\/javma.244.7.820"},{"issue":"2","key":"B35","series-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg","first-page":"190","article-title":"Effect of metoclopramide on nausea and emesis in dogs premedicated with morphine and dexmedetomidine","volume":"45","author":"Brioschi FA","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brioschi FA, Gioeni D, Jacchetti A, Carotenuto AM. Effect of metoclopramide on nausea and emesis in dogs premedicated with morphine and dexmedetomidine. Vet Anaesth Analg. 2018;45(2):190\u2013194. doi:10.1016\/j.vaa.2017.09.042"},{"issue":"8","key":"B36","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"899","article-title":"Postoperative regurgitation and respiratory complications in brachycephalic dogs undergoing airway surgery before and after implementation of a standardized perianesthetic protocol","volume":"256","author":"Costa RS","year":"2020","unstructured":"Costa RS, Abelson AL, Lindsey JC, Wetmore LA. Postoperative regurgitation and respiratory complications in brachycephalic dogs undergoing airway surgery before and after implementation of a standardized perianesthetic protocol. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2020;256(8):899\u2013905. doi:10.2460\/javma.256.8.899"},{"issue":"S1","key":"B37","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"S40","article-title":"Effectiveness of orally administered maropitant and ondansetron in preventing preoperative emesis and nausea in healthy dogs premedicated with a combination of hydromorphone, acepromazine, and glycopyrrolate","volume":"260","author":"Burke JE","year":"2021","unstructured":"Burke JE, Hess RS, Silverstein DC. Effectiveness of orally administered maropitant and ondansetron in preventing preoperative emesis and nausea in healthy dogs premedicated with a combination of hydromorphone, acepromazine, and glycopyrrolate. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2021;260(S1):S40\u2013S45. doi:10.2460\/javma.21.02.0082"},{"key":"B38","series-title":"Front Vet Sci","first-page":"762842","article-title":"Risk factors for failure of hard palate mucoperiosteal flap repair of acquired oronasal communication in dogs: a pilot study","volume":"8","author":"Taney K","year":"2021","unstructured":"Taney K, Smith MM, Cummings NP, Lozano AJ. Risk factors for failure of hard palate mucoperiosteal flap repair of acquired oronasal communication in dogs: a pilot study. Front Vet Sci. 2021;8:762842. doi:10.3389\/fvets.2021.762842"},{"issue":"4","key":"B39","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"423","article-title":"Staged double-layer closure of palatal defects in 6 dogs","volume":"44","author":"Peralta S","year":"2015","unstructured":"Peralta S, Nemec A, Fiani N, Verstraete FJ. Staged double-layer closure of palatal defects in 6 dogs. Vet Surg. 2015;44(4):423\u2013431. doi:10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2014.12131.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"B40","series-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol","first-page":"133","article-title":"Evaluation of the superior labial musculomucosal flap in dogs: an angiographic study and case report","volume":"32","author":"Doyle CP","year":"2019","unstructured":"Doyle CP, Degner DA. Evaluation of the superior labial musculomucosal flap in dogs: an angiographic study and case report. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2019;32(2):133\u2013138. doi:10.1055\/s-0039-1677746"},{"issue":"4","key":"B41","series-title":"J Vet Dent","first-page":"391","article-title":"Use of a barrier graft for palate defect repair in six dogs and a cat. Abstracts from the 2022 Veterinary Dental Forum, September 28th\u2013October 1st, Reno-Tahoe, Nevada, USA","volume":"39","author":"Castejon-Gonzalez AC","year":"2022","unstructured":"Castejon-Gonzalez AC, Reiter AM. Use of a barrier graft for palate defect repair in six dogs and a cat. Abstracts from the 2022 Veterinary Dental Forum, September 28th\u2013October 1st, Reno-Tahoe, Nevada, USA. J Vet Dent. 2022;39(4):391\u2013397. doi:10.1177\/8987564221127613"},{"issue":"12","key":"B42","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","first-page":"1410","article-title":"The behaviour of the levator veli palatine muscle between 2 surgical conditions in dog: the comparison of Furlow and Pushback methods","volume":"57","author":"Nakagawa K","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nakagawa K, Isomura ET, Matsukawa M, Mitsui R, Kogo M. The behaviour of the levator veli palatine muscle between 2 surgical conditions in dog: the comparison of Furlow and Pushback methods. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2020;57(12):1410\u20131416. doi:10.1177\/1055665620948765"},{"issue":"2","key":"B43","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"183","article-title":"Bilateral overlapping mucosal single-pedicle flaps for correction of soft palate defects","volume":"37","author":"Griffiths LG","year":"2001","unstructured":"Griffiths LG, Sullivan M. Bilateral overlapping mucosal single-pedicle flaps for correction of soft palate defects. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 2001;37(2):183\u2013186. doi:10.5326\/15473317-37-2-183"},{"key":"B44","series-title":"Atlas of Small Animal Wound Management and Reconstructive Surgery","first-page":"493","article-title":"Facial reconstruction","author":"Pavletic M","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pavletic M. Facial reconstruction. In: Pavletic M, ed. Atlas of Small Animal Wound Management and Reconstructive Surgery. 4th ed. John Willey & Sons, Inc; 2018:493\u2013552."},{"issue":"1","key":"B45","series-title":"J Vet Sci","first-page":"93","article-title":"Application of a temporary palatal prosthesis in a puppy suffering from cleft palate","volume":"7","author":"Lee JI","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lee JI, Kim YS, Kim MJ, et al. Application of a temporary palatal prosthesis in a puppy suffering from cleft palate. J Vet Sci. 2006;7(1):93\u201395. doi:10.4142\/jvs.2006.7.1.93"},{"issue":"8","key":"B46","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"1490","article-title":"Bilateral caudal maxillectomy for resection of tumors crossing palatal midline and use of the angularis oris axial pattern flap for primary closure or dehiscence repair in two dogs","volume":"48","author":"Tuohy JL","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tuohy JL, Worley DR, Wustefeld-Janssens BG, Mickelson MA, Ehrhart NP, Seguin B. Bilateral caudal maxillectomy for resection of tumors crossing palatal midline and use of the angularis oris axial pattern flap for primary closure or dehiscence repair in two dogs. Vet Surg. 2019;48(8):1490\u20131499. doi:10.1111\/vsu.13252"},{"key":"B47","series-title":"BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Dentistry and Oral Surgery","first-page":"196","article-title":"Management of dental and oral trauma","author":"Reiter AM","year":"2018","unstructured":"Reiter AM, Gracis M. Management of dental and oral trauma. In: Reiter AM, Gracis M, eds. BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Dentistry and Oral Surgery. 4th ed. British Small Animal Veterinary Association; 2018:196\u2013244."},{"key":"B48","series-title":"Front Vet Sci","first-page":"760628","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors for surgical site infections following oromaxillofacial oncologic surgery in dogs","volume":"8","author":"Rigby BE","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rigby BE, Malott K, Hetzel SJ, Soukup JW. Incidence and risk factors for surgical site infections following oromaxillofacial oncologic surgery in dogs. Front Vet Sci. 2021;8:760628. doi:10.3389\/fvets.2021.760628"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/261\/S2\/javma.23.06.0330.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/261\/S2\/javma.23.06.0330.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/261\/S2\/javma.23.06.0330.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]],"date-time":"2024-09-25T21:59:33Z","timestamp":1727301573000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/261\/S2\/javma.23.06.0330.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.23.06.0330","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]}}}