{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T21:23:00Z","timestamp":1793222580957,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To document any discordance between the set temperature and independently measured temperature of neonatal incubators in order to determine the potential of neonatal incubators to cause hypothermia or hyperthermia in neonatal animals.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>SAMPLE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>5 different veterinary neonatal incubators from 2 separate manufacturers.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Internal temperatures of 5 incubators from 2 manufacturers were monitored with both internal and external monitoring devices to determine how much incubator temperatures might vary from what is reported on the incubator thermostat. The study was conducted on May 25, 2022.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Increases in temperature as measured by thermocouple and infrared sensors of &gt; 2 \u00b0C were detected in 3 of the 5 (60%; 95% CI, 17% to 93%) tested incubators. Temperatures exceeded 41 \u00b0C at times, despite the incubator thermostat being set to 35 \u00b0C.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Neonatal puppies have a decreased capacity to thermoregulate and are susceptible to both hypothermia and hyperthermia if environmental temperatures are not kept within a proper range. Core temperatures below 35.0 \u00b0C lead to bradycardia, dyspnea, loss of suckle reflex, hypoglycemia, gastrointestinal ileus, and multiple organ failure; temperatures above 41.1 \u00b0C lead to pulmonary edema, petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhage in multiple organs, and death.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.23.07.0382","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]],"date-time":"2023-09-27T15:13:06Z","timestamp":1695827586000},"page":"68-71","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["An investigation of the discrepancy between set and actual temperature of neonatal incubators: concern for hypothermia and hyperthermia"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"262","author":[{"given":"Bruce W.","family":"Christensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kokopelli Veterinary Center, Sacramento, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hollis N.","family":"Erb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Services, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Clin Theriogenology","article-title":"Neonatal puppy death due to hyperthermia in a malfunctioning incubator","volume":"15","author":"Christensen BW","year":"2023","unstructured":"Christensen BW, Shelby A. 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